{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T08:40:20Z","timestamp":1791016820519,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the eye care practice in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study consisted of primary and secondary research conducted in five zones of MMR. The primary research included interviews with the patients, eye care providers, and key opinion leaders. The secondary research included analyzing data from the professional ophthalmology societies, public health domain, and health insurance providers. We divided people into three economic classes by annual income \u2013 low (&lt;INR 0.3 m), middle (INR 0.31\u20131.8 m), and high (&gt;1.8 m). We analyzed the collected data to estimate the eye care demand\u2013supply, quality of eye care, health-seeking behavior, gap in eye care delivery, and eye care expenditure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined 473 key eye care facilities and interviewed 513 people. The ophthalmologist density in MMR was 80\/million, and it was the highest in North MMR. Most ophthalmologists visited several facilities. Cataract surgery and glaucoma care coverage were better than other specialties; it was poor for oncology and oculoplastic services. Annual eye examination practice was poor in the low- and middle-income groups than in the high-income group (48%\u201350% vs. 85%). Most people preferred visiting eye care facilities within 5 km of their residence. Out-of-pocket spending was between 60% and 83%. Lower-income group people preferred public facilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MMR eye care needs further improvement in affordable and accessible eye care, health literacy, public health surveillance, research into the application of newer technologies to provide less-expensive home care for the elderly and minimize their hospital visits, and collection and analysis of big data to address city-specific eye health issues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1976_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T06:19:36Z","timestamp":1678256376000},"page":"736-742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mumbai metropolitan region eye care facility survey: Mumbai Eye Disease Study (MEDiS) report #1"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Taraprasad","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh","family":"Moses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, IQVIA Public Health, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanishak","family":"Gautam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, IQVIA Public Health, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varun","family":"Telang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, IQVIA Public Health, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyamanta","family":"Neog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, IQVIA Public Health, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shraddha","family":"Ghosalkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, IQVIA Public Health, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashmita","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, IQVIA Public Health, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e489","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30488-5","article-title":"The Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health:Vision beyond 2020","volume":"9","author":"Burton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"R10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314336","article-title":"Estimated number of ophthalmologists worldwide (International Council of Ophthalmology update):Will we meet the needs?","volume":"104","author":"Resnikoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R13-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.84.1.22","article-title":"Utilisation of eyecare services in an urban population in Southern India:The Andhra Pradesh eye disease study","volume":"84","author":"Dandona","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11393","article-title":"How much eye care services do asian populations need?Projection from the Singapore epidemiology of eye disease (SEED) study","volume":"54","author":"Zheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R15-20240828","first-page":"1","article-title":"Barriers to uptake of referral eye care services among the elderly in residential care:The Hyderabad Ocular Morbidity in Elderly Study (HOMES)","author":"Marmamula","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R16-20240828","article-title":"Efficiency of mobile eye camps for providing combined eye and vision care in underserved areas in Uttarakhand","author":"Wahl","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"R17-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-1683.68789","article-title":"Mobile eye services:Literature review with special reference to the experience of Al-Basar International Foundation","volume":"17","author":"Rushood","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Family Community Med"},{"key":"R19-20240828","article-title":"Modernizing and expanding universal eye care coverage after VISION","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vis Bioeth"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1976_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:08:15Z","timestamp":1787760495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1976_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1976_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-10","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-07","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}