{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:45:55Z","timestamp":1789519555892,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the outcomes and complications after different surgical management of cases with significant sumacular hemorrhage (SMH) of size more than 4 disc diameter (DD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      It was a retrospective interventional study. All consecutive 103 cases of significant SMHs were treated by vitrectomy and divided into three groups. In Group A (&lt;4 weeks, confined to the macula or extending inferiorly,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 62), vitrectomy, subretinal cocktail of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), antivascular endothelial growth factor, and air with SF6 gas; in Group B (4\u20138 weeks, extending beyond macula,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 31), subretinal tPA followed by SMH drainage either by retinotomy (Group B-1,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 17) or by temporal 180-degree retinectomy (Group B-2,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 14) with silicone oil (SO) tamponade; and in Group C (&gt;8 weeks, extending beyond macula,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 10), SMH removal with autologous retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-Choroid patch graft transplantations with SO tamponade were performed. Parameters evaluated were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Optos, optical computerized tomography, and ultrasonography as required.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant visual improvement was seen from mean preoperative to mean postoperative BCVA in Group A (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), Group B (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and Group C (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Postoperative complications were recurrent SMH (4.84% vs 12.90% vs 10%), vitreous hemorrhage (6.45%, GroupA), hyphema (4.84% vs 12.90% vs 10%), hypotony (nil vs 3.23% vs 20%), macular hole formation (6.45%, Group A), epiretinal membrane (16.13%, Group B), and retinal detachment (3.23%, Group A and 10%, Group C).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgical approaches for significant submacular hemorrhage are visually awarding, though certain specific complications may arise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1987_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T03:20:38Z","timestamp":1684293638000},"page":"2045-2052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Real-world outcomes and complications of different surgical approaches for significant submacular haemorrhages"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Subhendu Kumar","family":"Boral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreoretina, Disha Eye Hospitals Pvt Ltd, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreoretina, Siliguri Greater Lions Eye Hospital, Siliguri, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnab","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreoretina, Disha Eye Hospitals Pvt Ltd, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debdulal","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreoretina, Disha Eye Hospitals Pvt Ltd, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santanu","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreoretina, Disha Eye Hospitals Pvt Ltd, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2015.04.004","article-title":"Submacular haemorrhage in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: A synthesis of the literature","volume":"61","author":"Stanescu-Segall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20251006","first-page":"575","article-title":"Tissue plasminogen activating factor assisted removal of subretinal haemorrhage","volume":"22","author":"Peyman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg"},{"key":"R3-20251006","first-page":"385","article-title":"Management of submacular haemorrhage with intravitreal sulfur hexafluoride: A pilot study","volume":"34","author":"Daneshvar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.10.1326","article-title":"Pneumatic displacement of subretinal haemorrhage without tissue plasminogen activator","volume":"116","author":"Ohji","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20251006","article-title":"Intravitreal gas and RT-PA. 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A series of 47 consecutive cases","volume":"113","author":"Ibanez","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R21-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-015-0102-6","article-title":"Treatment of massive subretinal hematoma associated with age-related macular degeneration using vitrectomy with an intentional giant tear","volume":"36","author":"Isizaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R22-20251006","first-page":"102","article-title":"A technique for retinal pigment epithelium transplantation for age-related macular degeneration secondary to extensive subfoveal scarring","volume":"22","author":"Peyman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg"},{"key":"R23-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)00384-2","article-title":"Autologous retinal pigment epithelium and choroid translocation in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration: Short term follow up","volume":"136","author":"Van Meurs","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R24-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1159\/000380829","article-title":"Prospective, randomised intervention study comparing retinal pigment epithelium-choroid graft surgery and anti-VEGF therapy in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"233","author":"van Zeeburg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"R25-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.102152","article-title":"Autologous retinal pigment epithelium-choroid sheet transplantation in age-related macular degeneration: Morphological and functional results","volume":"91","author":"Treumer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R26-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.06.049","article-title":"Autologous transplantation of the retinal pigment epithelium and choroid in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"114","author":"Mac Laren","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R27-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1729_19","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcomes of submacular blood removal with isolated autologous retinal pigment epithelium-choroid patch graft transplantation in long-standing large-sized submacular hematomas: An Indian experience","volume":"68","author":"Boral","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R28-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-007-0607-4","article-title":"Retinal pigment epithelium and choroid translocation in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration: Long-term results","volume":"245","author":"Maaijwee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R29-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.103779","article-title":"Submacular haemorrhage: A study amongst Indian eyes","volume":"60","author":"Rishi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R30-20251006","first-page":"98","article-title":"Vitrectomy for the treatment of submacular haemorrhages from macular degeneration: A comparison of submacular haemorrhage\/membrane removal and submacular tissue plasminogen activator assisted pneumatic displacement","volume":"103","author":"Thompson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1987_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:58:35Z","timestamp":1786647515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1987_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1987_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-10","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-20","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}