{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:34:31Z","timestamp":1789662871631,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report a big data analysis of risk and protective factors in patients with AMD, as well as report on the age-adjusted prevalence in a geriatric Indian cohort in a hospital setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective, observational study of all patients older than 60 years of age. Multiple logistic regression was performed for the binary outcome and the presence of AMD. Variables analyzed include age, gender, socioeconomic status, occupation, urban\u2013rural\u2013metropolitan distribution, self-reported history of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), or coronary artery disease (CAD), ocular comorbidities, history of cataract surgery, and presenting VA. Odds ratios (OR) and 99% confidence intervals were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 608,171 patients over the age of 60 years who attended our clinics, 1.68% of subjects had a diagnosis of AMD (N = 10,217). Less than half (4,621 of 10,217 with AMD) of them were diagnosed to have dry AMD. Cataract, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy were associated with lower risk of AMD. Cataract surgery was associated with the higher risk of AMD (OR = 1.20; 99% CI 1.13-1.29). Smoking was not associated with AMD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Big data analysis from a hospital setting shows that the prevalence of AMD above the age of 60 years is low. More patients with wet AMD present for treatment compared to dry AMD. Smoking was not associated with AMD in the Indian population. Cataract surgery was associated with higher prevalence of AMD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_199_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T12:14:28Z","timestamp":1695298468000},"page":"3361-3366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and associated factors in Indian cohort in a tertiary care setting"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Hamati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai","family":"Prashanthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics (IHOPE) Research Centre, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raja","family":"Narayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics (IHOPE) Research Centre, India"},{"name":"Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niroj","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony Vipin","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics (IHOPE) Research Centre, India"},{"name":"Department of EyeSmart EMR and AEye, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padmaja Kumari","family":"Rani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umesh Chandra","family":"Behera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Khanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics (IHOPE) Research Centre, India"},{"name":"Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gudlavalleti V S","family":"Murthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics (IHOPE) Research Centre, India"},{"name":"Department of Non Communicable Diseases Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.42643","article-title":"Prevalence of depression and its effect on disability in patients with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"56","author":"Banerjee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.8.1082","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration. Clinical features in a large family and linkage to chromosome 1q","volume":"116","author":"Klein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.086595","article-title":"Impact of age related macular degeneration on quality of life","volume":"90","author":"Hassell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.99870","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of age-related macular degeneration in the 50 years and older population: A hospital based study in Maharashtra, India","volume":"61","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2015.03.1041","article-title":"The prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in Indian Population: A systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Likhar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"R6-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.36479","article-title":"The economic implications of the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"55","author":"Azad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000746","article-title":"Emerging treatments for geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"32","author":"Mahmoudzadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3102","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2985_21","article-title":"Updated guidelines for the management of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: Recommendations from the Indian Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Panel and the Vitreoretinal Society of India","volume":"70","author":"Sheth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1136_17","article-title":"Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: Pearls in diagnosis and management","volume":"66","author":"Anantharaman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.14","article-title":"The prevalence and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in rural-urban India, Sankara Nethralaya rural-urban age-related macular degeneration study, Report No. 1","volume":"30","author":"Raman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R11-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.12.026","article-title":"Incidence of age-related macular degeneration in a multi-ethnic united states population: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"123","author":"Fisher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R12-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311384","article-title":"Genetic risk factors for late age-related macular degeneration in India","volume":"102","author":"Rajendran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R13-20251009","first-page":"17","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in the South Indian adult population: The Andhra Pradesh Eye disease study","volume":"3","author":"Krishnaiah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R14-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.125.8.1089","article-title":"Smoking and the long-term incidence of age-related macular degeneration: The Blue Mountains eye study","volume":"125","author":"Tan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R15-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4442","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0853","article-title":"Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: Findings from the Andhra Pradesh eye disease study in South India","volume":"46","author":"Krishnaiah","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R16-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.09.019","article-title":"Risk of advanced age-related macular degeneration after cataract surgery in the age-related eye disease study: AREDS report 25","volume":"116","author":"Chew","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R17-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8869","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27202-w","article-title":"Six-year incidence and risk factors of age-related macular degeneration in Singaporean Indians: The Singapore Indian Eye Study","volume":"8","author":"Foo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R18-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2014.10.012","article-title":"Area deprivation and age related macular degeneration in the EPIC-Norfolk Eye Study","volume":"129","author":"Yip","year":"2015","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"R19-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000585","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2020-000585","article-title":"Socioeconomic risk factors and age-related macular degeneration in the UK Biobank study","volume":"6","author":"Yip","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R20-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.136077","article-title":"Education, socio-economic status and age-related macular degeneration in Asians: The Singapore Malay Eye Study","volume":"92","author":"Cackett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R21-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.01.050","article-title":"The relationship of cataract and cataract extraction to age-related macular degeneration: The Beaver Dam eye study","volume":"119","author":"Klein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R22-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.6.4.317.4182","article-title":"Cataract and age-related maculopathy: The Blue Mountains eye study","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"R23-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2011.02316.x","article-title":"Associations of early age-related macular degeneration with ocular and general parameters. The Central India eyes and medical study","volume":"90","author":"Jonas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R24-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/01.icu.0000163030.33401.3d","article-title":"Light energy, cataract surgery, and progression of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"16","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R25-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.08.012","article-title":"Nine-year incidence of age-related macular degeneration in the Barbados Eye Studies","volume":"113","author":"Leske","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R26-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-1549(03)00063-4","article-title":"Genetics of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"16","author":"Klein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Clin North Am"},{"key":"R27-20251009","first-page":"2224","article-title":"Risk factors associated with age-related macular degeneration. A case-control study in the age-related eye disease study: Age-related eye disease study report number 3","volume":"107","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R28-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009421","article-title":"Relation of smoking to the incidence of age-related maculopathy. The Beaver Dam Eye Study","volume":"147","author":"Klein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_199_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:26:36Z","timestamp":1786724796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_199_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_199_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-21","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-26","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}