{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:00:38Z","timestamp":1787169638063,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the morphological outcomes of the posterior corneal opacity or \u201csemilunar sign\u201d in noninfectious anterior scleritis using multimodal imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective observational case series. Patients with anterior scleritis from January 2018 to January 2019 were included. Clinical and demographic data were collected. Posterior cornea was visualized using the digital slit lamp photography (Elite, mega digital vision), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (MS39), and specular count analyzer (EM-3000). \u201cSemilunar sign\u201d was defined by the (1) presence of posterior corneal opacity, (2) concave semilunar pattern, (3) absence of blood vessels, and (4) normal anterior cornea. Incidence, clinical characteristics and significance, correlation with Mantoux sensitivity, and role of multimodal valuation were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall 76 eyes of 72 patients were recruited with anterior scleritis. Fifteen eyes of 11 patients (15.3%) presented with semilunar sign. The scleritis was both nonnecrotizing (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 8) and necrotizing (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 7). The semilunar configuration appeared as isolated (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 9) and continuous lesion (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 6). The extent was directly related to the scleral disease extent (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002). The mean thickness measured 212.5 \u00b1 129.3 mm. The mean central endothelial cell density (ECD) was 2540.8 \u00b1 351.7 cells\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , which was significantly higher than the involved peripheral cornea (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.05). The mean surface area of the semilunar sign was 7.7 \u00b1 5.2 mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . There was no significant correlation between the opacity thickness and the best-corrected visual acuity (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.895, r = \u22120.39), ECD (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.52, r = \u22120.188), and Mantoux (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.696, r =\u2212 0.142)\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Corneal semilunar sign of scleritis affected the peripheral cornea and caused no functional abnormality in early presentation. Multimodal analysis can aid in clinical assessment and severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2073_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T07:53:23Z","timestamp":1648454003000},"page":"1197-1202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Semilunar sign of cornea: A multimodal analysis of the posterior corneal opacity in non-infectious anterior scleritis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Dhivya Ashok","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Uvea, Oculolasty and Oncology, Dr Agarwal Eye Hospital and Eye Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amar","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Uvea, Oculolasty and Oncology, Dr Agarwal Eye Hospital and Eye Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radhika","family":"Chandrasekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Uvea, Oculolasty and Oncology, Dr Agarwal Eye Hospital and Eye Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raja M","family":"Chinnappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Uvea, Oculolasty and Oncology, Dr Agarwal Eye Hospital and Eye Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(03)00212-4","article-title":"Scleral structure, organisation and disease. A review","volume":"78","author":"Watson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"B3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2005.04.001","article-title":"Scleritis","volume":"50","author":"Okhravi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.02.004","article-title":"Scleritis: Immunopathogenesis and molecular basis for therapy","volume":"35","author":"Wakefield","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"B5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-019-00674-7","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of scleritis patients with emphasized comparison of associated systemic diseases (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and rheumatoid arthritis)","volume":"63","author":"Yoshida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.80710","article-title":"Herpes zoster ophthalmicus: Disease spectrum in young adults","volume":"18","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307599","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and outcome of tuberculous sclerokeratitis","volume":"100","author":"Shoughy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B8-20240828","first-page":"22","article-title":"Embryology of eye","author":"Azar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.60.3.163","article-title":"Scleritis and episcleritis","volume":"60","author":"Watson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B10-20240828","first-page":"52","article-title":"Non syphilitic deep interstitial keratitis associated with scleritis","volume":"94","author":"Holt-Wilson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Trans Ophthamol SocUK"},{"key":"B12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(94)31325-X","article-title":"Severity of scleritis and episcleritis","volume":"101","author":"Sainz de la Maza","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B13-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.04.036","article-title":"Corneal endothelium in patients with anterior uveitis","volume":"123","author":"Alfawaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.022","article-title":"Endothelial involvement in herpes simplex virus keratitis: An in vivo confocal microscopy study","volume":"116","author":"Hillenaar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B15-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-019-0169-7","article-title":"A review of corneal endotheliitis and endotheliopathy: Differential diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment","volume":"8","author":"Moshirfar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"B16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(88)90244-9","article-title":"Presumed autoimmune corneal endotheliopathy","volume":"105","author":"Paul","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B17-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3182a64833","article-title":"Peripheral pigmented placoid corneal endotheliopathy","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"B18-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2019.1629603","article-title":"Inferior corneal haze and inflammatory endotheliopathy related to pars planitis","volume":"28","author":"Thomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"B19-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307460","article-title":"Scleritis in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)","volume":"100","author":"Cocho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B20-20240828","first-page":"2113","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and visual outcomes in infectious scleritis: A review","volume":"7","author":"Ramenaden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B21-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2018.1511812","article-title":"Presumed tuberculous sclerokeratitis presenting with hypopyon","volume":"27","author":"Dutta Majumder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"B22-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2015.1025983","article-title":"Imaging of the sclera in patients with scleritis and episcleritis using anterior segment optical coherence tomography","volume":"24","author":"Axmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"B23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-308561","article-title":"Morphological features in anterior scleral inflammation using swept-source optical coherence tomography with multiple B-scan averaging","volume":"101","author":"Kuroda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B24-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/951081","article-title":"In vivo confocal microscopy of the human cornea in the assessment of peripheral neuropathy and systemic diseases","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int 2015"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2073_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:10:42Z","timestamp":1787166642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2073_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2073_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-06","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-16","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}