{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:35:11Z","timestamp":1786649711961,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Indian fishermen belong to a marginalized population and are continuously exposed to extreme occupational hazards and sunlight. A high prevalence of visual impairment (VI) is reported in the coastal fishing community. We aimed to investigate the association between VI and sunlight exposure measurement (SEM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional observational study, 270 eyes of 135 participants were enrolled from a coastal fishing village. Participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, which included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and anterior and posterior segment examination. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and SEM questionnaire were administered to estimate the level of dry eye and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) exposure, respectively. VI was defined as presenting visual acuity worse than 6\/12 (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] &gt; 0.3).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age and spherical equivalent were 50.56 \u00b1 11.72 years (range: 18\u201380 years) and 0.36 \u00b1 1.68 diopters (D) (range: -7.0 to +3.0 D), respectively. Age, SEM, OSDI, fishing as an occupation, and cataract were significantly associated with higher odds of VI in univariate analysis. Refraction, gender, education level, smoking status, amblyopia, systematic, and other ocular diseases were not significantly associated with VI. In the multivariate analysis, age, SEM, and presence of cataract remained significantly associated with a higher risk for VI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for age and SEM scores demonstrate a fair index of discrimination for the detection of VI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SEM level is directly associated with a higher risk of VI among fishermen. The fishing community might benefit from regular eye examinations and awareness about the harmful effects of sunlight exposure and preventive measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2088_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T09:05:19Z","timestamp":1686733519000},"page":"2409-2415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association of sunlight exposure with visual impairment in an Indian fishing community"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Shwetha V","family":"Puthran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayantan","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"},{"name":"School of Optometry, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddharth K","family":"Karthikeyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyothi","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e130","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30425-3","article-title":"Trends in prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment over 30 years:An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"9","author":"Bourne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"R2-20251006","first-page":"101354","article-title":"The economics of vision impairment and its leading causes:A systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Marques","year":"2022","journal-title":"E Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"R3-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e144","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30489-7","article-title":"Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020:The Right to Sight:An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"9","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"R4-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-013-9791-x","article-title":"Ultraviolet light and ocular diseases","volume":"34","author":"Yam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(94)90081-7","article-title":"A dose-response effect between a sunlight index and age-related cataracts","volume":"4","author":"Rosmini","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"R6-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2018.1501077","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation and incidence of cataracts in a nationwide US cohort","volume":"25","author":"Delavar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"R7-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0227868","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227868","article-title":"Association of cataract and sun exposure in geographically diverse populations of India:The CASE study. 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