{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T01:09:05Z","timestamp":1791335345519,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n Undetected vision impairment (VI) could negatively affect the overall development in children. School vision screening program is a viable and cost-effective approach for the early identification and management of VI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim:<\/jats:title>\n This study aims to estimate the prevalence of VI, its risk factors, and ocular morbidity among school children in Telangana, South India.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Children aged 4\u201315 years attending schools in the study area were screened in this study. The vision screenings were performed in schools by trained community eye health workers using 6\/12 tumbling E optotypes. Children who failed the test and\/or presented with other eye conditions were referred to vision centers or secondary and tertiary eye care centers. A comprehensive eye examination was conducted in these centers, including cycloplegic refraction and fundus examination.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 774,184 children, with a mean age of 9.4 \u00b1 3.27 years, were screened. Overall, 51.49% (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n = 398,596) were male. In total, 4.33% [\n N<\/jats:italic>\n = 33,528; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.29\u20134.38] required referral services, while 1.16% (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n = 9,002) had a presenting visual acuity of < 6\/12. Multivariate analysis showed a high risk of VI among older children [Adj. odds ratio (OR): 5.75; 95% CI: 5.18\u20136.38], those with disabilities (Adj. OR: 5.12; 95% CI: 4.14\u20136.33), female gender (Adj. OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.24 - 1.35), and those residing in the urban areas (Adj. OR: 2.87; 95% CI: 2.42\u20133.39). The main cause of VI was uncorrected refractive errors (74.14%).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The prevalence of VI among school children was 1.16% in Telangana, South India, and refractive error was the leading cause of VI among this population. Increasing age, urban location, female gender and other disabilities increase the risk of VI among children.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_215_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T12:14:28Z","timestamp":1695298468000},"page":"3322-3327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Variations in the prevalence of vision impairment across regions among school children in Telangana State, South India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Winston D","family":"Prakash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"},{"name":"Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivas","family":"Marmamula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"},{"name":"Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asha Latha","family":"Mettla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Keeffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit C","family":"Khanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"},{"name":"Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"},{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 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