{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:28:09Z","timestamp":1786649289327,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine and validate retinal vascular caliber measurements by using the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy system. Retinal vasculature changes are often regarded as clinical markers for systemic disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was a prospective observational study conducted on 600 eyes of 300 normal subjects with no systemic or ocular illness from January 1, 2016 to June 30, 2017 in a tertiary referral eye center. Non-mydriatic infrared reflectance, blue reflectance, and blue peak blue autofluorescence fundus imaging were done on the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy system. The dimensions of the retinal vessels were measured using inbuilt calipers at 1800 mm from the center of the optic disc. Internal and external dimensions were measured. Observer variation and its comparison using Image J software were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median age was 29 years (18\u201350 years). Mean internal and external diameters for arterioles were 85.1 \u00b1 12.4 mm and 105.0 \u00b1 12.0 mm, and for venules were 133.8 \u00b1 16.6 mm and 145.4 \u00b1 16.1 mm, respectively. The mean internal and external wall thicknesses were 19.7 \u00b1 8.0 mm and 11.0 \u00b1 5.6 mm, and wall thickness-to-lumen ratios were 0.3 \u00b1 0.1 and 0.1 \u00b1 0.1, respectively. Arteriolar-to-venular ratio for lumen and vessel was 0.66 \u00b1 0.1 and 0.74 \u00b1 0.1, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between age groups. Both inter- and intra-observer reproducibility was &gt;95%. The Bland\u2013Altman plot showed that the difference between measurements using both confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and Image J software lies within the limits of agreement approximately 95% of the time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first effort to develop a normative database by using a simple non-invasive confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy system with high observer reproducibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2162_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T06:53:23Z","timestamp":1652252003000},"page":"1657-1663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Normative data of retinal arteriolar and venular calibre measurements determined using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy system \u2013 Importance and implications for study of cardiometabolic disorders"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Garg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Retina and Uvea Services, Dr R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Venkatesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Retina and Uvea Services, Dr R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohan","family":"Chawla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Retina and Uvea Services, Dr R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brijesh","family":"Takkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreo-Retina Services, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shreyas","family":"Temkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Retina and Uvea Services, Dr R. P. 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