{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:00:48Z","timestamp":1787169648999,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the costs associated with medications and travel of patients with smear-proven bacterial keratitis and fungal keratitis in a tertiary care center in India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective analysis of case records of a cohort of patients who presented between April 2017 and March 2018 to a tertiary care center in India, with infectious keratitis who were smear-positive for bacteria or fungi, and whose costs of treatment and travel were supported by a philanthropic program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 672 case records of 177 smear-positive bacterial keratitis (BK) and 495 smear-positive fungal keratitis (FK) were included in the study. Further, 62% of BK and 75% of FK received more than one antimicrobial drug (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). The mean total medication cost (INR) was significantly more in FK (959.1 \u00b1 675.2) compared to BK (674.9 \u00b1 463.7) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001). The mean medication cost (INR) per visit was also more for FK (201.1 \u00b1 109.4) compared to BK (155.2 \u00b1 84.1) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001). The mean total medication cost was significantly more for FK for both patients who healed with medical treatment (611.6 \u00b1 395.6 for BK, 801.5 \u00b1 599.9 for FK,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0005) and for patients who required TPK (953.7 \u00b1 653.1 for BK, 1374.6 \u00b1 701.5 for FK,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0023) compared to their respective counterparts in BK\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with fungal keratitis incurred significantly more on medications compared to patients with bacterial keratitis irrespective of whether they had healed with successful medical treatment or required therapeutic keratoplasty. Prolonged duration of treatment and the high costs of antifungal medications account for the significant economic burden of fungal keratitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2176_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T07:53:23Z","timestamp":1648454003000},"page":"1191-1195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparative study on costs incurred for treatment of patients with bacterial and fungal keratitis - A retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Naveen","family":"Radhakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cornea and Refractive Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cornea and Refractive Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnan","family":"Raja Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cornea and Refractive Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisy Rani","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cornea and Refractive Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reagan","family":"Ningombam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cornea and Refractive Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isha","family":"Khaitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cornea and Refractive Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, 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