{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:35:48Z","timestamp":1786649748497,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743033600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Demodex<\/jats:italic>\n                      , an ectoparasite, can threaten eye health by settling into different eyelash bases. It is particularly suggested to cause dysfunction in the Meibomian glands. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationships between ocular demodicosis, punctal stenosis, dry eye, and blepharitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 144 patients who presented to the Ophthalmology Clinic and volunteered to participate in the study were included. The demographic characteristics of the patients, presence of blepharitis, tear breakup time, eye-watering according to Munk\u2019s epiphora scoring, and punctal structures according to Kashkouli classification were recorded. Eyelash epilation was performed while preserving the root structure, and the eyelashes were examined under a light microscope. The relationship between\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Demodex<\/jats:italic>\n                      presence and severity with punctal structure, dry eye status, and blepharitis was evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      No significant relationship was found between punctal stenosis and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Demodex<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">spp<\/jats:italic>\n                      . infestation in both eyes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05). Overall, there was a statistical relationship between the presence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Demodex<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">spp<\/jats:italic>\n                      . settled in the eyelashes (right lower and upper, left upper eyelid lashes) and dry eye (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05), but there was no relationship with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Demodex<\/jats:italic>\n                      density (&gt;3\/eyelid). In eyes with blepharitis, especially in patients with anterior blepharitis, the presence and density of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Demodex<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">spp<\/jats:italic>\n                      . were higher than in patients without blepharitis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001 for the right upper, left lower, and upper eyelids,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001 for the right lower eyelid).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Demodex<\/jats:italic>\n                      infestations may be associated with blepharitis and dryness of eyes, but there is no association with punctal stenosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2187_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T09:04:52Z","timestamp":1743325492000},"page":"603-609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Could ocular demodicosis be a risk factor for punctal stenosis, dry eye, and blepharitis?"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Basol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Antalya City Hospital, Antalya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatice","family":"Yazisiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatice Deniz","family":"Ilhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozlem Koyuncu","family":"Ozyurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betil","family":"Ozhak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.13123","article-title":"Demodex and eye disease","volume":"104","author":"Bitton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp 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