{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T08:17:55Z","timestamp":1788164275090,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess risk factors for local recurrence and metastasis in eyelid sebaceous carcinoma after complete excision in a Japanese population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of 171 Japanese patients with histologically complete eyelid sebaceous carcinoma excision between December 2006 and August 2024. Patients who received adjuvant therapy other than surgery, did not have metastasis screening, or had metastasis detected prior to surgery were excluded. Sebaceous carcinomas were staged according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, 8\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      edition. Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis and the log-rank test were used to determine the risk factors for local recurrence and metastasis. The risk factors and the survival rate for local recurrence and metastasis were then assessed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 147 cases were included. Female sex (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.024) and pagetoid spread (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.006) were significantly associated with local recurrence. T stage \u2265T1c (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.041), lower eyelid tumor site (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.021), and pagetoid spread (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.011) were significantly associated with metastasis. At 5 years postoperatively, the local recurrence-free survival rate was 93.5% (95% CI: 86.9\u201396.9) and the metastasis-free survival rate was 89.6% (95% CI: 82.0\u201394.2).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Excision margins, and follow-up and surveillance protocols for sebaceous carcinoma may need to reflect the significantly greater risk of local recurrence and metastasis with pagetoid spread, female sex, T stage (worse than T1b), and tumor location on the lower eyelid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2192_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T07:00:12Z","timestamp":1787554812000},"page":"1395-1400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk factors for local recurrence and metastasis of eyelid sebaceous carcinoma after complete excision: A large cohort study in Japan"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Oku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihide","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saul N","family":"Rajak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sussex Eye Hospital, Brighton and Sussex University Hospital, Brighton, The United Kingdom"},{"name":"Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, The United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomomichi","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Yoneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Oculoplastic Orbital Surgery, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Kumakiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oculoplastic Orbital Surgery, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kengo","family":"Yoshii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics in Medical 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