{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:32:53Z","timestamp":1787776373766,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748563200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was carried out from January 2007 to January 2017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 40 patients with OMG were included, of whom 82.5% were males and 17.5% were females. The mean age at presentation in the early and late onset groups was 31.7 \u00b1 10.2 years and 60.4 \u00b1 7.6 years, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). The combined ptosis and diplopia complaints in the early and late onset groups were 50% and 21.4%, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.048). Extraocular muscle weakness was seen in 50% of patients. The neostigmine test and acetylcholine receptor antibody test were positive in 90% and 77.3% of patients, respectively. At 18-month follow-up, favorable outcomes were seen in 72.5% of patients. Combined pyridostigmine and steroid treatment resulted in favorable outcomes in 55% of patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.073).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male preponderance and early age of onset were seen in a majority of OMG patients. The prognosis was favorable with an early treatment of anticholinesterase agents and corticosteroids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2196_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T05:00:19Z","timestamp":1748581219000},"page":"S478-S483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of ocular myasthenia gravis at a tertiary eye care center in Eastern India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Thalluru","family":"Subhash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Oculoplastics, Orbit and Ocular Oncology Services, MTC Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monalisa","family":"Mohapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Strabismus and Neuro-Ophthalmology, Child Sight Institute, Miriam Hyman Children\u2019s Eye Care Centre, MTC Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suryasnata","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Oculoplastics, Orbit and Ocular Oncology Services, MTC Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virender","family":"Sachdeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus and Neuro-ophthalmology, Child Sight Institute, Nimmagadda Prasad Children\u2019s Eye Care Centre, GMRV Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Vishakapattanam, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devjyoti","family":"Tripathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Oculoplastics, Orbit and Ocular Oncology Services, MTC Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivekanand U","family":"Warkad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Strabismus and Neuro-Ophthalmology, Child Sight Institute, Miriam Hyman Children\u2019s Eye Care Centre, MTC Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ohc.2004.05.014","article-title":"Ocular myasthenia gravis","volume":"17","author":"Elrod","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Clin North Am"},{"key":"R2-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20950","article-title":"Lifetime course of myasthenia gravis","volume":"37","author":"Grob","year":"2008","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"R3-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002790","article-title":"International consensus guidance for management of myasthenia gravis: Executive summary","volume":"87","author":"Sanders","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R4-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29894","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: Past, present, and future","volume":"116","author":"Conti-Fine","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R5-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410140504","article-title":"Prognosis of ocular myasthenia","volume":"14","author":"Bever","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R6-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1971.tb30761.x","article-title":"The role of thymectomy in the treatment of myasthenia gravis","volume":"183","author":"Perlo","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"R7-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01215447","article-title":"Ocular myasthenia gravis. 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