{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T17:06:01Z","timestamp":1793034361378,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723593600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the outcomes of botulinum toxin A injection in acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective study that included cases diagnosed as AACE between January 2022 and February 2023. Patients who were treated with Botox and completed a minimum 3 months follow-up were included in the study. All the patients underwent a complete ophthalmic, orthoptic examination and neuroimaging. The effects of age, onset of esotropia, screen time, deviation pre injection, mode of injection (transconjunctival\/ open sky) and whether injection was administered in one\/both eyes on successful outcome were analysed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-seven patients (20 male, seven female) were included in the study. The median age was 10 years. The median deviation for distance and near preinjection was 35 and 40 prism diopters, respectively. Complete resolution of symptoms was noted in 18 patients (66.6%). Four patients needed prisms, two required repeat injections, and one each needed surgery and divergence therapy. Six patients developed ptosis. None of the risk factors seemed to affect outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Botulinum toxin injected into the medial rectus is a safe and viable option for AACE. Preinjection counseling about ptosis, recurrence needing prisms, reinjection, or surgery is important.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2198_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T10:47:28Z","timestamp":1724842048000},"page":"228-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Botulinum toxin A as a treatment modality for acute acquired comitant esotropia \u2013 An Indian perspective"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Akshay","family":"Badakere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vibha","family":"Badrinath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hennaav Kaur","family":"Dhillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abinaya","family":"Valliappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viswanathan","family":"Natarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumita","family":"Agarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2813_21","article-title":"Acute acquired comitant esotropia precipitated by excessive near work during the COVID-19-induced home confinement","volume":"70","author":"Neena","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90360-3","article-title":"The role of botulinum toxin A in acute-onset esotropia","volume":"106","author":"Dawson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R3-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5468","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22576","article-title":"The use of botulinum toxin to treat infantile esotropia: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Issaho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthal Vis Sci"},{"key":"R4-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280701568189","article-title":"Botulinum toxin in the treatment of strabismus. A review of its use and effects","volume":"29","author":"Kowal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"R5-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02612-7","article-title":"Botulinum toxin treatment for bielschowsky acquired comitant esotropia in adults","volume":"22","author":"Ai","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01787-1","article-title":"Treatment of acute acquired concomitant esotropia","volume":"21","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.024","article-title":"Comparison of botulinum toxin with surgery for the treatment of acute-onset comitant esotropia in children","volume":"176","author":"Wan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S401019","article-title":"Botulinum toxin injection versus extraocular muscle surgery for acute acquired comitant esotropia","volume":"17","author":"Suwannaraj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1997.01100160581010","article-title":"Botulinum toxin management of essential infantile esotropia in children","volume":"115","author":"McNeer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Ophthal"},{"key":"R10-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2009.12.162","article-title":"Comparison of botulinum toxin with surgery as primary treatment for infantile esotropia","volume":"14","author":"de Alba Campomanes","year":"2010","journal-title":"J AAPOS"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2198_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:22:26Z","timestamp":1787836946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2198_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2198_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-14","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-01","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}