{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:28:43Z","timestamp":1786739323221,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the clinical course and treatment outcomes of Vogt\u2013Koyanagi\u2013Harada (VKH) disease presenting with bullous exudative retinal detachment (bullous ERD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study included all patients diagnosed with VKH presenting with bullous ERD in one or both eyes between 2016 and 2024. Their best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), clinical presentations, and treatment outcomes were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 646 patients with VKH, 12 (22 eyes) presented with bullous ERD in the early stage of the disease. The mean age at presentation was 38.67 years (range: 22\u201358 years). Bilateral bullous ERD was noted in 10\/12 patients, while two had unilateral involvement. The mean BCVA at presentation and the final follow-up was 1.74 logMAR (SD 0.67, range 0.2\u20132.3 logMAR) and 0.84 logMAR (SD \u2013 0.57, range 0\u20132.2), respectively. Anterior segment inflammation was noted in 15 eyes (68.1%), disc edema in 16 (72.7%), and vitritis and choroidal detachment in four eyes each (18.2%). The average choroidal thickness on B-scan ultrasonography was 1.79 mm (range: 1.04\u20133.57 mm). Six eyes (27%) experienced acute exacerbations, and five eyes (22.7%) had recurrences. The mean follow-up was 17 months (range: 6\u201361). At final follow-up, sunset glow fundus developed in 17 eyes (72%), secondary glaucoma in eight eyes (36.3%), and subretinal fibrosis in nine eyes (41%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bullous ERD is a rare manifestation of VKH. Although initial visual recovery is promising, these patients are at higher risk for disease exacerbation, recurrences, and complications. Initial aggressive therapy and prolonged follow-up with sustained immunosuppression are essential for optimal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2273_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T12:00:30Z","timestamp":1767787230000},"page":"851-855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Demography, clinical features, and outcomes of Vogt\u2013Koyanagi\u2013Harada disease presenting with bullous exudative retinal detachment"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Navya","family":"Cherukuri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreoretina, Smt Kannuri Santhamma Center for Vitreoretinal Diseases, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"},{"name":"Department of Uveitis, Saroja Rao Center for Uveitis, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mudit","family":"Tyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreoretina, Smt Kannuri Santhamma Center for Vitreoretinal Diseases, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"},{"name":"Department of Uveitis, Saroja Rao Center for Uveitis, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumyava","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Uveitis, Saroja Rao Center for Uveitis, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajeev R","family":"Pappuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreoretina, Smt Kannuri Santhamma Center for Vitreoretinal Diseases, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"},{"name":"Department of Uveitis, Saroja Rao Center for Uveitis, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32833eb78c","article-title":"Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: Diagnosis and treatments update","volume":"21","author":"Bordaberry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/00055735-200012000-00009","article-title":"Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"11","author":"Read","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Opin 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