{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:23:03Z","timestamp":1787847783972,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n Perioperative inadvertent hypothermia (PIH) is the decrease in core temperature below 36\u00b0C. We aimed to assess whether PIH develops in patients operated under local anesthesia (ULA) for vitreoretinal surgery in the operating room and investigate active warming efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Seventy-two patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 contained unwarmed patients (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 36), and Group 2, warmed patients (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 36). The core temperatures, heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the patients were measured at the beginning of surgery, after 20 min, 40 min, 1 h, at the end of the operation, and during the postoperative period.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n PIH incidence was 44.6% in Group 1, whereas no hypothermia was observed in Group 2. Patient temperatures at 20 min (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001), 40 min (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), 1 h (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), the end of the operation (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), and the postoperative period (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) were significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 1. Patient HRs at the end of the operation and during the postoperative period were significantly lower in Group 2 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.005) than in Group 1 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). The intraoperative 40\n th<\/jats:sup>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.044) and 60\n th<\/jats:sup>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) minutes, end of operation (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), and postoperative MAP (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) values of Group 1 were significantly higher than those of Group 2.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n PIH may develop in patients operated ULA, especially with a low ambient temperature. Actively warming may help prevent the harmful effects of PIH.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_227_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T00:20:11Z","timestamp":1611015611000},"page":"308-313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The effects of active warming on perioperative inadvertent hypothermia in patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery under local 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