{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:35:50Z","timestamp":1786649750012,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n To study the stage of presentation, clinical features, and treatment outcomes of patients diagnosed with Coats disease in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers (aged \u22645 years).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A retrospective hospital-based study of 98 patients with Coats disease was conducted.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The mean age at presentation was 30 months (range, 4\u201360 months). Majority were males (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 72, 73%) with unilateral presentation (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 98, 100%). The most common stages at presentation were total retinal detachment (stage 3B; 36%), advanced end-stage disease (stage 5; 22%), and total retinal detachment with secondary glaucoma (stage 4; 16%). The most common cause of referral to our institution was Coats disease (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 23, 49%), followed by retinoblastoma (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 17, 36%). The most common presenting symptom was a white reflex (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 49, 50%) or strabismus observed by the parents (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 34, 35%). Treatment modalities included observation (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 30 eyes, 31%), surgical intervention (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 22, 22%), and laser photocoagulation \u00b1 cryotherapy \u00b1 intravitreal injection (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 22, 22%). At a mean follow-up of 29 months (range, 1\u2013100 months), the anatomical status of the disease remained unchanged in 35 eyes (36%), worsened in 18 eyes (18%), and resolved in 15 eyes (15%). Ten eyes (10%) underwent enucleation. At the last follow-up, two-thirds of eyes (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 76) had visual acuity \u226420\/400 and were categorized as blind.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Coats disease in patients \u22645 years presents at an advanced stage (3B or more). At the last follow-up, the disease had stabilized in half of the eyes, whereas two-thirds of the eyes were blind, necessitating early diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2477_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T11:00:26Z","timestamp":1745492426000},"page":"672-678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Coats disease in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers: Clinical presentation and treatment outcomes"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Saarang","family":"Hansraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"},{"name":"Standard Chartered Academy for Eye Care Education, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhadra","family":"Jalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"},{"name":"Jasti V Ramanamma Children\u2019s Eye Care Centre, Child Sight Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Raval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200202000-00014","article-title":"Review: Coats disease: The 2001 LuEsther T. 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