{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:57:20Z","timestamp":1792684640207,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Visual evoked potentials (VEP) are used to determine the function of visual pathway from the optic nerve to visual cortex. Various factors may affect VEP response, viz., technical and environmental. The aim of this study is to obtain the normative value of VEP latency and amplitude parameters in adulthood in Indonesia, as well as the relationship of height, weight, body mass index (BMI), head circumference, and visual acuity with the variety of latency and amplitude values of VEP parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is a cross-sectional study on 120 healthy subjects consisting of 60 males and 60 females between 18 and 65 years old. Height, weight, BMI, head circumference, and visual acuity were measured and continued with VEP examination using a 26\u2032 checkerboard pattern on the left and right eyes alternately. All data were collected and analyzed with the Shapiro\u2013Wilk test using statistical software R version 3.5.2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mean value of P100 latency (interocular latency) of left and right eye were 104.6 \u00b1 3.4 ms and 104.1 \u00b1 3.4 ms, respectively, as well as 9.8 \u00b1 4.7 \u03bcV and 10.3 \u00b1 5.4 \u03bcV for the amplitude. There was no significant difference between the male and female group, as well as on the age group. Female significantly exhibited a higher P100 amplitude than male. The greater the age, the lower amplitude of P100 significantly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gender and age do not affect the P100 latency value but only affect P100 amplitude. Height, weight, BMI, head circumference, and visual acuity also do not affect the P100 latency and amplitude.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2480_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T23:07:16Z","timestamp":1630537636000},"page":"2328-2332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Normative values of visual evoked potential in adults"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Merry Septemi","family":"Ekayanti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine of Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corry Novita","family":"Mahama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine of Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denny Jefferson","family":"Ngantung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine of Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-016-9553-y","article-title":"ISCEV standard for clinical visual evoked potentials (2016 update)","volume":"133","author":"Odom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B2-20240828","first-page":"CC12","article-title":"Visual evoked potentials:Normative values and gender differences","volume":"9","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"B4-20240828","year":"2008"},{"key":"B7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4103\/1858-540X.124835","article-title":"Visual evoked potential:Head size, sex, and BMI","volume":"5","author":"Solanki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sudanese J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(87)90023-2","article-title":"Effects of age and sex on pattern electroretinograms and visual evoked potentials","volume":"68","author":"Celesia","year":"1987","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"B9-20240828","first-page":"1","article-title":"Visual evoked potential in young adults;A normative study","volume":"55","author":"Tandon","year":"1989","journal-title":"Indian J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"B10-20240828","first-page":"78","article-title":"Nilai normal latensi dan amplitudo gelombang visual evoked potential pada usia dewasa","volume":"35","author":"Wijaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurona"},{"key":"B12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(93)90157-Q","article-title":"Recommended standards for electroretinograms and visual evoked potentials. Report of an IFCN committee","volume":"87","author":"Celesia","year":"1993","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"B13-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/00029238.1979.11079986","article-title":"Visually evoked potentials to electronic pattern reversal:Latency variations with gender, age, and technical factors","volume":"19","author":"Stockard","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J EEG Technol"},{"key":"B14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E252","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v40i6.29126","article-title":"Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials in adults:Variability with age","volume":"40","author":"Sawaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Invest Med"},{"key":"B16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(94)90049-3","article-title":"Pattern reversal evoked potentials:Gender differences and age related changes in amplitude and latency","volume":"92","author":"Emmerson Hanover","year":"1994","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"B17-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9852194","article-title":"A comprehensive review on methodologies employed for visual evoked potentials","volume":"2016","author":"Kothari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientifica"},{"key":"B18-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(88)90033-0","article-title":"Effect of reference point on visual evoked potentials:Clinical relevance","volume":"71","author":"Shih","year":"1988","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"B19-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-017-9594-x","article-title":"Gender based normative values for pattern reversal and flash visually evoked potentials under binocular and monocular stimulation in healthy adults","volume":"135","author":"Dotto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B20-20240828","first-page":"269","article-title":"Does gender influence visual evoked potentials","volume":"7","author":"Kaushik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Biomed Res"},{"key":"B21-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.4103\/2348-8093.137416","article-title":"Effect of age on pattern reversal visual evoked potentials in Indian population","volume":"1","author":"Phurailatpam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Physiol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2480_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T19:33:35Z","timestamp":1786736015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2480_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2480_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-08-04","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-13","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}