{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:28:36Z","timestamp":1786649316371,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n To study tear film parameters and Meibomian glands in pediatric patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Forty-four eyes of 22 patients with VKC and 44 eyes of 22 age-matched controls were studied in a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Each subject underwent a complete ophthalmological examination including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT), fluorescein break-up time (FBUT), corneal fluorescein staining, and Schirmer\u2019s test. Non-contact meibography was performed using a Sirius topographer.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n All patients had VKC grades between 1 and 3 (Bonini scale). The mean NIBUT for cases was 8.83 \u00b1 4.02 s and in controls, it was 15 \u00b1 2.8 s (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n value < 0.001). The mean FBUT for cases was 9.41 \u00b1 3.45 s and in controls, it was 16.7 \u00b1 2.5 s (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n value < 0.001). Schirmer\u2019s values were 32 \u00b1 3.1 mm in cases and 21.4 \u00b1 4.1 mm in controls, which were significantly higher (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n value < 0.001). Also, 22.72% of the cases had corneal fluorescein staining in the form of superficial punctuate keratitis, whereas none of the control groups showed corneal staining. The examination of Meibomian glands using non-contact meibography showed a mean Meibomian gland dropout in the upper lid to be 29.7 \u00b1 14.4% in VKC cases and 10.5 \u00b1 3.2% in controls (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n value < 0.001). Meibography of the lower lid showed 25.9 \u00b1 10.2% dropout in cases and 20.5 \u00b1 6.1% in controls (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n value = 0.004).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Tear film parameters were significantly deranged in children with VKC in the active stage as compared to age-matched controls. Children with VKC also had a higher Meibomian gland dropout.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_24_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T06:00:15Z","timestamp":1726639215000},"page":"110-114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Tear film parameters and meibography in eyes of children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Ruchi","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology (Guru Nanak Eye Centre), Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritu","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology (Guru Nanak Eye Centre), Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isha","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology (Guru Nanak Eye Centre), Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parul","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology (Guru Nanak Eye Centre), Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2008.01347.x","article-title":"Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: A major review","volume":"87","author":"Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.12.001","article-title":"Vernal 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