{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:23:25Z","timestamp":1787840605975,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Dry eye disease (DED) can lead to ocular discomfort as well as visual disturbances. Older adults are more likely to develop DED. They are also more likely to develop retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, which may require vitreoretinal surgeries, lasers, and intravitreal injections. Posterior segment surgery may cause or worsen existing dry eye symptoms, albeit temporarily. Despite good anatomic and functional outcomes, ocular surface dysfunction can have a significant impact on the quality of life, lowering a patient\u2019s satisfaction with the retinal treatment. Preexisting DED, intraoperative tissue handling, and postoperative treatment may all contribute to the severity of ocular surface dysfunction. In this article, we have reviewed all relevant studies on the development of ocular surface changes and DED, as well as the impact of vitreoretinal surgeries and procedures on the ocular surface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2573_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T11:10:52Z","timestamp":1680952252000},"page":"1123-1126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Ocular surface changes following vitreoretinal procedures"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Venkatesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaitra","family":"Jayadev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rubble","family":"Mangla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai Prashanti","family":"Chitturi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sashwanthi","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Retina and Vitreous, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhanashree","family":"Ratra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Retina and Vitreous, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200009000-00008","article-title":"Twenty-five-year panorama of corneal immunology:Emerging concepts in the immunopathogenesis of microbial keratitis, peripheral ulcerative keratitis, and corneal transplant rejection","volume":"19","author":"Dana","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10081642","article-title":"Ocular surface changes associated with ophthalmic surgery","volume":"10","author":"Mikalauskiene","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"R3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672120929958","article-title":"Cataract surgery and dry eye disease:A review","volume":"30","author":"Naderi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2804","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2296_19","article-title":"Impact of corneal refractive surgery on the precorneal tear film","volume":"68","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132417","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/132417","article-title":"Dry eye disease following refractive surgery:A 12-month follow-up of SMILE versus FS-LASIK in high myopia","volume":"2015","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2004.11.041","article-title":"Comparison of clear corneal phacoemulsification combined with 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy and standard 20-gauge vitrectomy for patients with cataract and vitreoretinal diseases","volume":"31","author":"Chang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R7-20240828","first-page":"1","article-title":"The ocular surface: Functional anatomy, medical and surgical management","author":"Dua","year":"2015","journal-title":"ESASO Course Series. 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