{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:30:32Z","timestamp":1786649432022,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assessment of central and peripheral contrast sensitivity (CS) in thyroid eye disease (TED) with and without dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study enrolled 33 eyes of 18 treatment-na\u00efve TED patients and 18 age- and sex-matched healthy controls for comparative analysis. A detailed ophthalmic examination included visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure measurement, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and CS testing (central and four peripheral regions) using Spaeth\u2013Richman Contrast Sensitivity test was done.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The average age of TED patients was 47.17 \u00b1 13.99 years and a female preponderance was noted (66.66%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 12). Twenty-five eyes (75.8%) were diagnosed as TED without DON, while eight eyes (24.2%) had DON. Nine eyes (27.2%) were in the active stage of disease and 29 eyes (87.8%) had proptosis. The difference in mean logMAR visual acuities between TED patients and controls was statistically insignificant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.189), but a significant difference was noted in central and total CS score (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001, Wilcoxon\u2013Mann\u2013Whitney test). On CS comparison between DON and non-DON eyes, a significant difference in average scores was noted in central and all peripheral areas (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05, Wilcoxon\u2013Mann\u2013Whitney test). With increasing clinical activity score, a statistically significant reduction was noted in CS in three out of four peripheral regions (Spearman correlation,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Visual function compromise can be detected in TED in the presence of intact VA, by testing CS. Peripheral CS deteriorates with increasing inflammation and in DON. Serial monitoring of both central and peripheral CS may help in diagnosing DON early.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2593_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T02:00:09Z","timestamp":1713232809000},"page":"1466-1470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Central and peripheral contrast sensitivity in thyroid eye disease"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Kasturi","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Oculofacial Aesthetics, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Obaidur","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology, Dr. Shroff\u2019s Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parul","family":"Ichhpujani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glaucoma and Neuro-Ophthalmology Services, Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vatsalya","family":"Venkatraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oculoplasty, Ocular Oncology and Facial Aesthetics, ASG Eye Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1159\/000443828","article-title":"The 2016 European Thyroid Association\/European Group on Graves\u2019 Orbitopathy Guidelines for the Management of Graves\u2019 Orbitopathy","volume":"5","author":"Bartalena","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"key":"R2-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00145817","article-title":"Contrast sensitivity and the diagnosis dysthyroid optic neuropathy","volume":"74","author":"Mourits","year":"1990","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.77.11.709","article-title":"Contrast sensitivity function in Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy and dysthyroid optic neuropathy","volume":"77","author":"Suttorp-Schulten","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026557401041","article-title":"Measuring contrast sensitivity in patients with Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy complicated by ocular hypertension and suspect glaucoma or dysthyroid optic neuropathy","volume":"101","author":"De Marco","year":"2000","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943789","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/943789","article-title":"Contrast sensitivity of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy patients without obvious optic neuropathy","volume":"2013","author":"Beden","year":"2013","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"R6-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4419","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_719_22","article-title":"Dysthyroid optic neuropathy: Demographics, risk factors, investigations, and management outcomes","volume":"70","author":"Poonam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(88)32978-7","article-title":"Dysthyroid optic neuropathy. 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