{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:53:30Z","timestamp":1791212010778,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ocular infections, ranging from conjunctivitis and keratitis to postoperative and device-associated endophthalmitis, remain a significant cause of preventable visual morbidity worldwide. In India and other low- and middle-income countries, the irrational use of topical and systemic antimicrobials, often without microbiological confirmation, has contributed to the emergence of multidrug-resistant ocular pathogens. Fluoroquinolone-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    , methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    species are now major challenges in ophthalmic practice. The widespread availability of over-the-counter ophthalmic drops, empirical perioperative prophylaxis, and the use of steroid\u2013antibiotic combinations exacerbate this problem. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in ophthalmology, though relatively underdeveloped, is now a global priority. The Society of Antimicrobial Stewardship PractIce (SASPI) in India advocates an integrated AMS model linking diagnostic, preventive, therapeutic, and administrative strategies. For ophthalmologists, this translates into culture-guided therapy for recalcitrant or postsurgical infections, restricting the use of broad-spectrum or prolonged topical antimicrobials, enforcing asepsis during surgeries, and adopting antimicrobial auditing systems. The\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">RED EYE AMSP<\/jats:italic>\n                    model presented in this perspective provides a ten-point, ophthalmology-specific adaptation of the SASPI framework focusing on rational prescribing, evidence-based diagnostics, environmental safety, and interprofessional partnership. By embracing stewardship, ophthalmologists can preserve antimicrobial efficacy, minimize iatrogenic resistance, and contribute to the broader One Health goal of antimicrobial resistance containment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_260_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T15:00:24Z","timestamp":1790953224000},"page":"S329-S332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ocular infections and stewardship practices for Ophthalmologists: The RED EYE AMSP model"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Prasan K","family":"Panda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biswajeet","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, VMMC Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramanuj","family":"Samanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.12.003","article-title":"The persistent dilemma of microbial keratitis: Global burden, diagnosis, and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"64","author":"Ung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2676","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_436_19","article-title":"An analysis of the use of antimicrobial agents in outdoor patients of ophthalmology","volume":"8","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R3-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2537_21","article-title":"Emerging antimicrobial resistance and need for antimicrobial stewardship for ocular infections in India: A narrative review","volume":"70","author":"Biswas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_509_17","article-title":"A literature review and update on the incidence and microbiology spectrum of postcataract surgery endophthalmitis over past two decades in India","volume":"65","author":"Lalitha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20261005","first-page":"54","article-title":"Preferred practice patterns for presumed viral kerato-conjunctivitis in central India","volume":"5","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Natl J 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distinguish and who will?","volume":"2","author":"Panda","year":"2024","journal-title":"JASPI"},{"key":"R13-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14113","article-title":"Infectious keratitis: A review","volume":"50","author":"Cabrera-Aguas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R14-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.12.035","article-title":"Bacterial keratitis preferred practice pattern\u00ae","volume":"131","author":"Rhee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R15-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2757_24","article-title":"Preferred practice patterns of endophthalmitis management and prevention: A survey among the members of vitreoretinal society of India - Study by the VRSI study group","volume":"73","author":"Agrawal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Indian J 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