{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:36:15Z","timestamp":1786649775656,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, and presentation of solar retinopathy in patients who presented to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional, hospital-based study included 3,082,727 new patients presenting to the hospital between August 2010 and December 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of solar retinopathy in at least one eye were included in the study. All the data was collected using an electronic medical record system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three hundred and forty-nine eyes of 253 (0.01%) patients were diagnosed with solar retinopathy and included in the study, and 157 patients (62.06%) had a unilateral affliction. Solar retinopathy was noted to be significantly more common in males (73.12%) and adults (98.81%). The most common age group at presentation was during the sixth decade of life with 56 (22.13%) patients. They were more commonly from the rural geography (41.9%). Among the 349 eyes, 275 (78.8%) eyes had mild or no visual impairment (&lt;20\/70), which was followed by moderate visual impairment (&gt;20\/70\u201320\/200) found in 45 (12.89%) eyes. The most commonly associated ocular comorbidity was cataract in 48 (13.75%) eyes, followed by epiretinal membrane in 38 (10.89%) eyes. The most common retinal damage seen was interdigitation zone (IZ) disruption (38.68%), followed by inner segment\u2013outer segment (IS\u2013OS) disruption (33.52%). Foveal atrophy was seen in 105 (30.09%) eyes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Solar retinopathy is predominantly unilateral and is more common in males. It usually presents during the sixth decade of life and rarely causes significant visual impairment. The most common retinal damage seen was disruption of the outer retinal layers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2620_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T03:06:53Z","timestamp":1684292813000},"page":"2061-2065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Solar retinopathy in India: Clinical presentation and demographic distribution in 253 patients (349 eyes)"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Anthony Vipin","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of EyeSmart EMR and AEye, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"},{"name":"Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mudit","family":"Tyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogita","family":"Kadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of EyeSmart EMR and AEye, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"},{"name":"Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akash","family":"Belenje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bcr2012008402","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2012-008402","article-title":"Solar retinopathy secondary to sungazing","volume":"2013","author":"Moran","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"R2-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.5517","article-title":"Acute solar retinopathy imaged with adaptive optics, optical coherence tomography angiography, and en face optical coherence tomography","volume":"136","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.154450","article-title":"Solar maculopathy in a young child","volume":"94","author":"Symons","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-963685","article-title":"Retinopathia solaris: Verlaufsbeobachtung mit optischer Koh\u00e4renztomografie (OCT) und Mikroperimetrie [Solar retinopathy: Follow-up examinations with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and microperimetry","volume":"224","author":"Koinzer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"R5-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27492013000200012","article-title":"Solar retinopathy without abnormal exposure: Case report","volume":"76","author":"Stock","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"R6-20251006","first-page":"906920","article-title":"Solar retinopathy: A multimodal analysis","author":"Bru\u00e8","year":"2013","journal-title":"Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2013"},{"key":"R7-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optm.2010.12.011","article-title":"The use of optical coherence tomography to aid in diagnosing solar maculopathy","volume":"82","author":"Suhr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"key":"R8-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-198909010-00005","article-title":"Solar retinopathy. A photobiologic and geophysical analysis","volume":"9","author":"Yannuzzi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R9-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.100533","article-title":"Integrated model of primary and secondary eye care for underserved rural areas: The L V Prasad Eye Institute experience","volume":"60","author":"Rao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_710_19","article-title":"Big data and the eyeSmart electronic medical record system-An 8-year experience from a three-tier eye care network in India","volume":"68","author":"Das","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.007","article-title":"Incidence, demographics, types and risk factors of dry eye disease in India: Electronic medical records driven big data analytics report I","volume":"17","author":"Rao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R14-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.02.012","article-title":"High-resolution optical coherence tomography findings in solar maculopathy and the differential diagnosis of outer retinal holes","volume":"152","author":"Comander","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2620_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:58:15Z","timestamp":1786647495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2620_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2620_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-08","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-03","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}