{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:28:05Z","timestamp":1786649285332,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To provide a retrospective analysis of lesions of the caruncle which have been very rarely reported in the literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review of all the caruncular lesions between January 2000 and January 2020 was done at a single tertiary eye care hospital. The lesions were classified as benign and malignant lesions. Clinicopathological correlation was done for the excised lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 87 caruncular lesions were included in the study. Males (59%) were affected more than females (41%). The mean age at presentation was 44 \u00b1 20 years. The mean duration of complaint was 36 \u00b1 62 months. A total of 36 patients underwent surgical excision whereas the rest opted for conservative management. Recurrence was noted in five patients. Fifteen different types of lesions were identified histopathologically. Benign lesions (78%) were far more common than malignant ones (22%). Epithelial inclusion cyst was the most common benign lesion and sebaceous gland carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion. Correct clinicopathological correlation was seen in 52.7% of the cases. Caruncular tuberculosis, oncocytoma, and basosquamous cell carcinoma were some of the rare lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Caruncular lesions are uncommon and very diverse, which makes clinical diagnosis challenging. Epithelial inclusion cyst and sebaceous gland carcinoma were the most common benign and malignant lesions respectively. Correct clinicopathological correlation was seen in more than half of the cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2724_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T07:18:21Z","timestamp":1654067901000},"page":"1975-1981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Clinical and histopathological profile of primary caruncular lesions"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Md Shahid","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Services, Aditya Birla Sankara Nethralaya, Kolkata, West Bengal, India (A Unit of Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soham S","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subramanian","family":"Krishnakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocular Pathology, Larson and Tourbo, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.04.035","article-title":"Tumors of the caruncle:A clinicopathologic correlation","volume":"142","author":"Kaeser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20251004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.316","article-title":"Lesions of the caruncle:A description of 42 cases and a review of the literature","volume":"23","author":"Levy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R3-20251004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(94)31233-4","article-title":"Lesions of the lacrimal caruncle. 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