{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:22:47Z","timestamp":1787844167344,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this work was to study the ocular manifestations and its management in spotted fever and typhus group of rickettsial disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis of 50 patients with serologically confirmed Rickettsial disease. In all patients, relevant history, investigations and treatment details were collected and they underwent complete ophthalmic evaluation including measurement of best-corrected visual acuity, anterior segment examination and dilated fundus examination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean age was 12.5 \u00b1 8.99 years. Of the 50 patients, 40 patients were \u226418 years of age and 27 (54%) had ocular involvement. Out of 27 patients, bilateral involvement was seen in 10 patients. Most of the patients had no ocular symptoms. Ocular findings included, Retinal vasculitis 6 (22.22%); macular edema 4 (14.81%); vasculitis with macular edema 1 (3.7%); Retinitis 7 (25.92%); Papilloedema 6 (22.22%); Papilloedema with 6\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      cranial nerve palsy 1 (3.7%); Isolated 6\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      cranial nerve palsy 1 (3.7%) and optic neuritis 1 (3.7%). Ocular involvement was more common in double antigen group (68%) than spotted fever group (50%) or Scrub typhus group (21%) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01). Ocular involvement was seen in 94% of the patients with CNS involvement. Cases with bilateral involvement (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01), pediatric age group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01) and CNS involvement (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02) had poor visual outcome.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rickettsioses patients can have ocular manifestations with predominant posterior segment involvement during acute phase of illness. Ocular involvement was more common in the double antigen group. For any patient who presents with fever and rash living in endemic area, ophthalmic evaluation should be part of routine checkup during the acute phase of illness associated with less frequent ocular symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2748_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]],"date-time":"2021-05-02T11:32:28Z","timestamp":1619955148000},"page":"1167-1171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Ocular manifestation of rickettsial disease in South Indian population"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Sunil","family":"Ganekal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, JJM Medical College, Davanagere, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kruthika","family":"Singnal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, JJM Medical College, Davanagere, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresha","family":"Rajappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, JJM Medical College, Davanagere, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharat","family":"Hegde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prasad Netralaya, Udupi, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20240828","first-page":"24","article-title":"Rickettsioses eruptives","author":"Parola","year":"1998","journal-title":"EMC (Elsevier Paris) Maladies infectieuses"},{"key":"B2-20240828","first-page":"101","article-title":"Spotted fevers and typhus fever in Tamil Nadu commentary","volume":"126","author":"Batra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Med 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