{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T04:55:43Z","timestamp":1792644943153,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extraction of tear protein from Schirmer\u2019s strip is a prerequisite for the proper identification and screening of biomarkers in dry eye disease. The study compares different methods of extraction of tear proteins from the Schirmer\u2019s strip.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reflex tear was collected from healthy controls (HC; n = 12), Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome (SJS; n = 3) and dry eye disease (DED; n = 3) patients using capillary tube. This tear was used to measure the volume absorbed by Schirmer\u2019s strip per microliter. Different buffers (6) were used to compare the protein yield from the Schirmer\u2019s strip in four different conditions. The tear proteins extracted using the highest protein yield buffer were analyzed by mass spectrometry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A linear relationship between the tear volume and wetting length was observed (r = 0.0.997, n = 6). The highest yield was observed after incubation of the Schirmer\u2019s strip in 100 mM ammonium bicarbonate (ABC) with 0.25% Nonidet P-40(NP-40) at 4\u00b0C for an hour (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.00005). The in-solution digestion of tear eluted in the above condition 100 Mm ABC + 0.25% NP-40 with one-hour incubation yielded a total of 2119 proteins in HC, SJS, and DED. The unique protein observed in SJS and DED was 0.6% and 17.9%, respectively. The significantly expressed proteins are associated with innate immune response, proteolysis, wound healing, and defense response.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A method for extraction of protein from Schirmer\u2019s strip was optimized for increase in protein yield from the tear sample. SJS and DED tear samples have unique protein signature. The study will aid in better design of tear protein-based experimental study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2774_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T11:10:52Z","timestamp":1680952252000},"page":"1413-1419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Optimization and evaluation of tear protein elution from Schirmer\u2019s strips in dry eye disease"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Madhuri Amulya","family":"Koduri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"},{"name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deeksha","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"},{"name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tejaswini","family":"Pingali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swapna S","family":"Shanbhag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"},{"name":"The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayan","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"},{"name":"The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.008","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II definition and classification report","volume":"15","author":"Craig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108115","article-title":"Biological functions of tear film","volume":"197","author":"Pflugfelder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(00)00203-4","article-title":"The ocular surface and tear film and their dysfunction in dry eye disease","volume":"45","author":"Rolando","year":"2001","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672121998922","article-title":"Tear fluid collection methods:Review of current techniques","volume":"31","author":"Pieczynski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2018.1501803","article-title":"Comparison of Collection methods for the measure of human meibum and tear film-derived lipids using mass spectrometry","volume":"43","author":"Ngo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"R6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5088","DOI":"10.1039\/c2an35821b","article-title":"Post-collection processing of Schirmer strip-collected human tear fluid impacts protein content","volume":"137","author":"Denisin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"R7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10064","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89514-8","article-title":"Diagnostic biomarkers in tear fluid:From sampling to preanalytical processing","volume":"11","author":"Bachhuber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-28363-z","article-title":"Pre-analytical sample handling effects on tear fluid protein levels","volume":"13","author":"Gijs","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0802","article-title":"Strip meniscometry:A new and simple method of tear meniscus evaluation","volume":"47","author":"Dogru","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0","article-title":"Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4","volume":"227","author":"Laemmli","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2018.08.001","article-title":"Clusterin from human clinical tear samples:Positive correlation between tear concentration and Schirmer strip test results","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000073","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2017-000073","article-title":"Downregulation of interferon-gamma-induced protein 10 in the tears of patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome with severe ocular complications in the chronic stage","volume":"1","author":"Ueta","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R13-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15059","article-title":"Looking deeper into ocular surface health:An introduction to clinical tear proteomics analysis","volume":"100","author":"Nattinen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2016.0117","article-title":"Adry method for preserving tear protein samples","volume":"15","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biopreserv Biobank"},{"key":"R15-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-821-4_4","article-title":"Protein solubilization:Attend to the choice of lysis buffer","volume":"869","author":"Peach","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"R16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2017.32.1.18","article-title":"A simple outline of methods for protein isolation and purification","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)"},{"key":"R17-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6469","DOI":"10.1021\/ac401020s","article-title":"Effects of ammonium bicarbonate on the electrospray mass spectra of proteins:Evidence for bubble-induced unfolding","volume":"85","author":"Hedges","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal Chem"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2774_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:13:16Z","timestamp":1787166796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2774_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2774_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-22","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-13","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}