{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T19:20:10Z","timestamp":1787426410230,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To understand the bacterial microbiome changes associated with Sjogren\u2019s syndrome (SS) and non-Sjogren\u2019s syndrome (NSS) aqueous-deficient dry eyes compared to healthy eyes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bacterial microbiome was generated from the deoxyribonucleic acid of tear film samples in healthy (n = 33), SS (n = 17), and NSS (n = 28) individuals. Sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed on the Illumina HiSeq2500 platform. Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) pipeline was used to assign taxa to sequences. Statistical analysis was performed in R to assess the alpha diversity and beta diversity indices. Significant changes between the healthy, SS, and NSS cohorts were depicted by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), differential abundance, and network analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tear microbiome was generated in healthy, SS, and NSS samples. Phyla\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Actinobacteria, Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic>\n                      showed significant changes in SS and NSS compared to healthy. Genera\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      were predominantly present in all samples. PCoA and heat map analysis showed distinct clusters for SS and NSS from the healthy cohort. Genera\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Prevotella, Coriobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      UCG-003\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">, Enterococcus, Streptomyces, Rhodobacter, Ezakiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Microbacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      significantly increased in abundance in SS and NSS compared to a healthy cohort. Bacteria\u2013bacteria interaction in SS, NSS, and healthy cohorts was predicted by CoNet network analysis. This analysis predicted a major hub of interaction for the pro-inflammatory bacterium\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the SS and NSS cohorts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of the study indicate significant changes in the phyla and genera in SS and NSS compared to healthy. Both discriminative analysis and network analysis indicated a possible association of predominant pro-inflammatory bacteria with SS and NSS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2821_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T11:10:52Z","timestamp":1680952252000},"page":"1566-1573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Tear film microbiome in Sjogren\u2019s and non-Sjogren\u2019s aqueous deficiency dry eye"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Spandita","family":"Pal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gorati","family":"Vani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 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