{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:31:04Z","timestamp":1786728664329,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare various ocular thermography parameters in posterior scleritis (PS), choroiditis (choroidal granuloma [CG], Vogt\u2013Koyanagi\u2013Harada [VKH] syndrome), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), and healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective, observational, comparative study evaluated cases undergoing ocular thermography between April 2017 and October 2023. The study groups included cases of PS, CG, and VKH, while the control group comprised CSCR cases and healthy individuals. Various thermography parameters were assessed, which were as follows: Ocular surface temperature (OST), central corneal temperature (CCT), average scleral temperature (ST), nasal scleral temperature (nST), temperature difference between both the eyes (\u2206t), and difference between scleral and corneal temperatures (ST \u2013 CCT, nST \u2013 CCT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      It was found that \u2206t was significantly higher in the PS group compared to the CG (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005), CSCR (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0001), and control groups (dilated control:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.006, undilated control:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0001). ST \u2013 CCT and nST \u2013 CCT were significantly higher in the undilated control and CSCR groups and significantly lower in the PS group. ST \u2013 CCT and nST \u2013 CCT showed less difference in the affected eyes compared to contralateral healthy eyes of PS and CG cases. OST, CCT, ST, and nST displayed statistically insignificant differences across all groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is advisable to focus on temperature differences between the affected and healthy eyes, or the difference between the central corneal and scleral temperature of the affected eye, utilizing parameters such as \u2206t, ST \u2013 CCT, and nST \u2013 CCT. These composite parameters offer a more effective approach than individual measurements like OST, CCT, ST, and nST. Thermography can serve as a screening tool to suspect and differentiate PS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2830_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T04:02:44Z","timestamp":1709870564000},"page":"1026-1030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Quantitative and comparative analysis of thermography parameters in posterior scleritis, choroiditis, and controls"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Ankush","family":"Kawali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aayesha","family":"Khanum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Retina, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai Bhakti","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivasan","family":"Sanjay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padmamalini","family":"Mahendradas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ICL.0000141921.80061.17","article-title":"Ocular surface temperature: A review","volume":"31","author":"Purslow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"R2-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-010-9552-6","article-title":"An efficient automated algorithm to detect ocular surface temperature on sequence of thermograms using snake and target tracing function","volume":"35","author":"Tan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"R3-20260506","first-page":"723.","article-title":"Applications of infrared thermography in ophthalmology","volume":"13","author":"Gulias-Ca\u00f1izo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"R4-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4781","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-023-02878-w","article-title":"Comparing the ocular surface temperature and dry eye condition of keratoconus with normal eyes using infrared thermal imaging","volume":"43","author":"Gu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003278","article-title":"Ocular surface temperature differences in retinal vascular diseases","volume":"42","author":"Naidorf-Rosenblatt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R6-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1734381","article-title":"Thermography in ocular inflammation","volume":"23","author":"Kawali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Radiol Imaging"},{"key":"R7-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.32364\/2311-7729-2020-20-4-204-208","article-title":"Thermography in posterior scleritis","volume":"20","author":"Kawali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Russ J Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-20260506","first-page":"612.","article-title":"Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for B-Scan ultrasonography in posterior scleritis","volume":"56","author":"Suhr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R9-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4103\/joco.joco_267_21","article-title":"B-scan ultrasonography findings in unilateral posterior scleritis","volume":"34","author":"Maleki","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Curr Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000699","article-title":"Pavesio C, Sagoo MS. 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