{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:30:38Z","timestamp":1786728638454,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work assesses the change in tear function after LASIK surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective, observational study was conducted in the Refractive Clinic of a tertiary care rural hospital. Tear dysfunction symptoms and the tear function tests were assessed in 269 eyes of 134 patients, OSDI score was used to document the tear dysfunction symptoms. Tear function was assessed by tear meniscus height, tear film break-up time (TBUT), Lissamine green staining, corneal fluorescein staining, Schirmer test 1 without anesthesia before and at 4\u20136 weeks and 10\u201312 weeks after LASIK surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preoperatively OSDI score was 8.54 \u00b1 7.71. It increased to 15.11 \u00b1 9.18 postoperatively at 4\u20136 weeks after LASIK surgery and 13 \u00b1 9.56 at 10\u201312 weeks after LASIK surgery Mean TBUT preoperatively was 7.82 \u00b1 3.57 sec which decreased to 5.34 \u00b1 2.56 sec at 4\u20136 weeks and to 4.53 \u00b1 2.63 sec at 10\u201312 weeks postoperatively. The number of eyes with clear secretion decreased from 40.5% preoperatively to 23.4% at 4\u20136 weeks and to 22.3% at 10\u201312 weeks postoperatively, whereas the granular and cloudy secretions increased significantly in eyes after LASIK surgery. The prevalence of eyes with Lissamine green score &gt;3 (dry eye) increased from 17.1% preoperatively to 27.9% at 4\u20136 weeks and to 30.5% at 10\u201312 weeks. Similarly, the number of eyes showing positive fluorescein corneal staining increased from 5.6% preoperatively to 19% postoperatively at 4\u20136 weeks. Mean Schirmer score was 28.83 \u00b1 6.39 mm preoperatively, 22.47 \u00b1 5.38 mm at 4\u20136 weeks, and 21.27 \u00b1 4.99 mm at 10\u201312 weeks after LASIK surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of dry eye increased after LASIK as was assessed by an increase in the tear dysfunction symptoms using OSDI score and the deranged values of various tear function tests after LASIK surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2832_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T11:10:52Z","timestamp":1680952252000},"page":"1503-1507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Study of tear function before and after laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Smita","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay K","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Garkal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Jalna Hospital, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinita","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","first-page":"163","article-title":"Basic knowledge of refractive surgery","volume":"105","author":"Kohnen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl"},{"key":"R2-20240828","first-page":"393","article-title":"Effect of myopic LASIK on corneal sensitivity and morphology of subbasal nerves","volume":"41","author":"Linna","year":"2000","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3991","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0561","article-title":"Corneal reinnervation after LASIK: Prospective 3-year longitudinal study","volume":"45","author":"Calvillo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00587-5","article-title":"Laser in situ keratomileusis-induced (presumed) neurotrophic epitheliopathy","volume":"108","author":"Wilson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199811000-00002","article-title":"The pathology of dry eye\u202f: The interaction between the ocular surface and lacrimal glands","volume":"17","author":"Stern","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.5.615","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the ocular surface disease index","volume":"118","author":"Schiffman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.356","article-title":"Minimal clinically important difference for the ocular surface disease index","volume":"128","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.3341\/jkos.2016.57.9.1354","article-title":"Reliability of a new non-invasive tear film break-up time measurement using a keratograph","volume":"57","author":"Jeong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Korean Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"R10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2015.11.038","article-title":"Prevalence and severity of dry eye in candidates for laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia in Russia","volume":"42","author":"Maychuk","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.10.004","article-title":"Dry eye disease after refractive surgery: Comparative outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction versus LASIK","volume":"122","author":"Denoyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e142","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318290496d","article-title":"Assessment of tear osmolarity and other dry eye parameters in post-LASIK eyes","volume":"32","author":"Hassan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R13-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2005.tb06673.x","article-title":"Dry eye after LASIK: Comparison of outcomes for Asian and Caucasian eyes","volume":"88","author":"Albietz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"R14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3126\/nepjoph.v3i2.5266","article-title":"Evaluation of tear film stability before and after laser in situ keratomileusis","volume":"3","author":"Shrestha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nepal J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R15-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.08.039","article-title":"Corneal barrier function, tear film stability, and corneal sensation after photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis","volume":"139","author":"Nejima","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.4103\/2090-0686.174681","article-title":"Evaluation of dry eye syndrome after LASIK and surface ablation: A comparative study","volume":"108","author":"Mohamed","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Egypt Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"R17-20240828","first-page":"784","article-title":"Comparison of the femtosecond Laser and mechanical microkeratome for flap cutting in LASIK","volume":"8","author":"Xia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R18-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00388-2","article-title":"Effect of laser in situ keratomileusis on tear stability","volume":"107","author":"Yu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R19-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00623-6","article-title":"Effects of laser in situ keratomileusis on tear production, clearance, and the ocular surface","volume":"108","author":"Battat","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R20-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210701700101","article-title":"Dry Eye after LASIK for myopia: Incidence and risk factors","volume":"17","author":"Shoja","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R21-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12993","article-title":"Assessment of meibomian glands and tear film in post-refractive surgery patients","volume":"45","author":"Jung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R22-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2015.06.037","article-title":"Chronic dry eye in PRK and LASIK: Manifestations, incidence and predictive factors","volume":"41","author":"Bower","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2832_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:29:40Z","timestamp":1786724980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2832_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2832_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-25","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-28","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}