{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:35:44Z","timestamp":1786649744372,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Myopia is the fastest-growing, chronic eye condition that covers 30% of the population worldwide and is estimated to be around 50% of the global population (5 billion people) by 2050. Since there is an association between myopia onset and binocular vision disorder, this narrative review aims to establish a relation between the accommodative demand and binocular functions among patients using myopia control strategies. The identified articles follow different methodologies and various myopia control interventions. The literature search includes keywords using Boolean operators on the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The study populations include both children and adults. No date and language restrictions were applied. It was found that all the interventions used for myopia control affect accommodation and binocular vision. Though orthokeratology helps to neutralize the myopia-induced binocular imbalance, atropine has a negligible impact. Similarly, aspherical lenslets significantly affect accommodative microfluctuations, and Defocus incorporated multiple segments lenses show similar responses as single-vision lenses. In addition, encouraging outdoor activities and minimizing continuous near work by incorporating frequent breaks are proven effective strategies to delay myopia, while also having no adverse impact on binocular vision anomalies. Since binocular vision is already impaired before and during the onset of myopia, practitioners should also consider the accommodation and binocular abnormalities brought on by various modalities used to delay the growth of myopia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2835_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T12:00:17Z","timestamp":1767787217000},"page":"486-491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of myopia and myopia control interventions on binocular vision: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Shobha","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayan","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, School of Allied Health Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260416","first-page":"1036","article-title":"Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R2-20260416","first-page":"99","article-title":"Myopia","volume":"6","author":"Baird","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"R3-20260416","first-page":"M20","article-title":"IMI-Defining and classifying myopia: A proposed set of standards for clinical and epidemiologic studies","volume":"60","author":"Flitcroft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R3-20260416","first-page":"19","article-title":"Erratum","volume":"65","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R4-20260416","first-page":"381","article-title":"Myopia and associated pathological complications","volume":"25","author":"Saw","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"R5-20260416","first-page":"1739","article-title":"Myopia","volume":"379","author":"Morgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R6-20260416","first-page":"465","article-title":"Current and predicted demographics of high myopia and an update of its associated pathological changes","volume":"35","author":"Verkicharla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"R7-20260416","first-page":"e888","article-title":"Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Bourne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"R8-20260416","first-page":"855","article-title":"Global prevalence of visual impairment associated with myopic macular degeneration and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050: Systematic review, meta-analysis and modelling","volume":"102","author":"Fricke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-20260416","first-page":"3","article-title":"Myopia control: A review","volume":"42","author":"Walline","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"R10-20260416","first-page":"472","article-title":"Spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets for myopia control vs single-vision spectacle lenses: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"140","author":"Bao","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-20260416","first-page":"1171","article-title":"One-year myopia control efficacy of spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets","volume":"106","author":"Bao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R12-20260416","first-page":"363","article-title":"Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses slow myopia progression: A 2-year randomised clinical trial","volume":"104","author":"Lam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R13-20260416","first-page":"71","article-title":"The longitudinal orthokeratology research in children (LORIC) in Hong Kong: A pilot study on refractive changes and myopic control","volume":"30","author":"Cho","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"R14-20260416","first-page":"1152","article-title":"Effect of dual-focus soft contact lens wear on axial myopia progression in children","volume":"118","author":"Anstice","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R15-20260416","first-page":"40","article-title":"Defocus incorporated soft contact (DISC) lens slows myopia progression in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren: A 2-year randomised clinical trial","volume":"98","author":"Lam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R16-20260416","first-page":"1207","article-title":"Multifocal contact lens myopia control","volume":"90","author":"Walline","year":"2013","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R17-20260416","first-page":"9362","article-title":"Decrease in rate of myopia progression with a contact lens designed to reduce relative peripheral hyperopia: One-year results","volume":"52","author":"Sankaridurg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R18-20260416","first-page":"4","article-title":"IMI accommodation and binocular vision in myopia development and progression","volume":"62","author":"Logan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R19-20260416","first-page":"3","article-title":"Blur perception throughout the visual field in myopia and emmetropia","volume":"17","author":"Maiello","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"R20-20260416","first-page":"13","article-title":"Focus information is used to interpret binocular images","volume":"10","author":"Hoffman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"R21-20260416","first-page":"690","article-title":"Myopic children show insufficient accommodative response to blur","volume":"34","author":"Gwiazda","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R22-20260416","first-page":"1299","article-title":"A dynamic relationship between myopia and blur-driven accommodation in school-aged children","volume":"35","author":"Gwiazda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"R23-20260416","first-page":"13","article-title":"Differences in the accommodation stimulus response curves of adult myopes and emmetropes","volume":"18","author":"Abbott","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"R24-20260416","first-page":"2469","article-title":"AC\/A ratio, age, and refractive error in children","volume":"41","author":"Mutti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R25-20260416","first-page":"273","article-title":"Accommodation, accommodative convergence, and response AC\/A ratios before and at the onset of myopia in children","volume":"82","author":"Gwiazda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R26-20260416","first-page":"1594","article-title":"The response AC\/A ratio before and after the onset of myopia","volume":"58","author":"Mutti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R27-20260416","first-page":"1274","article-title":"The Cambridge Anti-myopia study: Variables associated with myopia progression","volume":"90","author":"Price","year":"2013","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R28-20260416","first-page":"375","article-title":"The pre-myopic syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Drobe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"R29-20260416","first-page":"269","article-title":"Clinical findings before the onset of myopia in youth: 3. Heterophoria","volume":"73","author":"Goss","year":"1996","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R30-20260416","first-page":"17","article-title":"Binocular temporal visual processing in myopia","volume":"18","author":"Vera-Diaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"R31-20260416","first-page":"33","article-title":"Visual acuity, near phoria and accommodation in myopic children using spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets: Results from a randomized clinical trial","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eye Vis (Lond)"},{"key":"R32-20260416","first-page":"11","article-title":"Effect of defocus incorporated multiple segments spectacle lens wear on visual function in myopic chinese children","volume":"9","author":"Lam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"R33-20260416","first-page":"225","article-title":"The effect of positive-lens addition and base-in prism on accommodation accuracy and near horizontal phoria in Chinese myopic children","volume":"28","author":"Cheng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"R34-20260416","first-page":"258","article-title":"Effect of bifocal and prismatic bifocal spectacles on myopia progression in children: Three-year results of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"132","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R35-20260416","first-page":"6104","article-title":"The effect of bifocal add on accommodative lag in myopic children with high accommodative lag","volume":"51","author":"Berntsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R36-20260416","first-page":"1309","article-title":"Changes in accommodative responses with multifocal contact lenses: A pilot study","volume":"88","author":"Madrid-Costa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R37-20260416","first-page":"62","article-title":"Accommodation in emmetropic and myopic young adults wearing bifocal soft contact lenses","volume":"28","author":"Tarrant","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"R38-20260416","first-page":"133","article-title":"Acute and short-term changes in visual function with multifocal soft contact lens wear in young adults","volume":"39","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R39-20260416","first-page":"S30","article-title":"Short-term adaptation of accommodative responses in myopes fitted with multifocal contact lenses","volume":"44","author":"Ozkan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"R40-20260416","first-page":"207","article-title":"Binocular and accommodative function in the controlled randomized clinical trial MiSight\u00ae assessment study spain (MASS)","volume":"257","author":"Ruiz-Pomeda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R41-20260416","first-page":"353","article-title":"Accommodation and phoria in children wearing multifocal contact lenses","volume":"94","author":"Gong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R42-20260416","first-page":"344","article-title":"Myopia control with bifocal contact lenses: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"93","author":"Aller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R43-20260416","first-page":"82","article-title":"Zone of clear single binocular vision in myopic orthokeratology","volume":"46","author":"Gifford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"R44-20260416","first-page":"184","article-title":"Near binocular visual function in young adult orthokeratology versus soft contact lens wearers","volume":"40","author":"Gifford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"R45-20260416","first-page":"260","article-title":"Vision performance and accommodative\/binocular function in children wearing prototype extended depth-of-focus contact lenses","volume":"45","author":"Tilia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"R46-20260416","first-page":"113","article-title":"Low-concentration atropine for myopia progression (LAMP) study: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of 0.05%, 0.025%, and 0.01% atropine eye drops in myopia control","volume":"126","author":"Yam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R47-20260416","first-page":"347","article-title":"Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia: Safety and efficacy of 0.5%, 0.1%, and 0.01% doses (Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia 2)","volume":"119","author":"Chia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R48-20260416","first-page":"550","article-title":"Effect of low-dose atropine on binocular vision and accommodation in children aged 6 to 17 years","volume":"100","author":"Breliant","year":"2023","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R49-20260416","first-page":"7525180","article-title":"Atropine 0.01% for the control of myopia in Chinese children: Effect on accommodation functions and pupil size","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R50-20260416","first-page":"101704","article-title":"Accommodation and vergence function in children using atropine combined with orthokeratology","volume":"46","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"R51-20260416","first-page":"471","article-title":"Aniso-accommodation as a possible factor in myopia development","volume":"24","author":"Charman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"R52-20260416","first-page":"622","article-title":"The complex interactions of retinal, optical and environmental factors in myopia aetiology","volume":"31","author":"Flitcroft","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"R53-20260416","first-page":"2903","article-title":"Role of near work in myopia: Findings in a sample of Australian school children","volume":"49","author":"Ip","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R54-20260416","first-page":"M106","article-title":"IMI-Interventions myopia institute: Interventions for controlling myopia onset and progression report","volume":"60","author":"Wildsoet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R55-20260416","first-page":"65","article-title":"The effect of altering spherical aberration on the static accommodative response","volume":"29","author":"Theagarayan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"R56-20260416","first-page":"2","article-title":"Power profiles of single vision and multifocal soft contact lenses","volume":"38","author":"Wagner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"R57-20260416","first-page":"3","article-title":"Peripheral optics with bifocal soft and corneal reshaping contact lenses","volume":"90","author":"Ticak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R58-20260416","first-page":"641","article-title":"Peripheral refraction in orthokeratology patients","volume":"83","author":"Charman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R59-20260416","first-page":"461","article-title":"The long-term results of using low-concentration atropine eye drops for controlling myopia progression in schoolchildren","volume":"27","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R60-20260416","first-page":"41","article-title":"Prevention of myopia progression with 0.05% atropine solution","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R61-20260416","first-page":"332","article-title":"Two-year multicenter, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel safety and efficacy study of 2% pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia","volume":"12","author":"Siatkowski","year":"2008","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"R62-20260416","first-page":"84","article-title":"One-year multicenter, double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel safety and efficacy study of 2% pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia","volume":"112","author":"Tan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R63-20260416","first-page":"403","article-title":"Environmental factors and myopia: Paradoxes and prospects for prevention","volume":"5","author":"Rose","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"R64-20260416","first-page":"e75260","article-title":"Myopic shift and outdoor activity among primary school children: One-year follow-up study in Beijing","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R65-20260416","first-page":"3524","article-title":"Parental history of myopia, sports and outdoor activities, and future myopia","volume":"48","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R66-20260416","first-page":"1279","article-title":"Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children","volume":"115","author":"Rose","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R67-20260416","first-page":"5247","article-title":"The effect of bright light on lens compensation in chicks","volume":"51","author":"Ashby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R68-20260416","first-page":"421","article-title":"Protective effects of high ambient lighting on the development of form-deprivation myopia in rhesus monkeys","volume":"53","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2835_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:57:54Z","timestamp":1786647474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2835_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2835_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-27","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-19","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}