{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:22:58Z","timestamp":1787847778769,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n The current pandemic of COVID-19 has made airway procedures like intubation and extubation, potential sources of virus transmission among health care workers. The aim of this work was to study the safety profile of combined ketamine and regional anesthesia in pediatric ocular surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n This prospective study included pediatric patients undergoing ocular surgery under general anesthesia from April to October 2020. Children were premedicated with oral midazolam (0.25\u20130.50 mg\/kg) or intramuscular ketamine (7-10 mg\/kg), ondensetron (0.1 mg\/kg) and atropine (0.02 mg\/kg). Anesthesia was achieved with intravenous ketamine (4\u20135 mg\/kg) and local anesthesia (peribulbar block or local infiltration). The patient's vital signs were monitored. Serious complications and postoperative adverse reactions related to anesthesia were documented.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 55 children (62 eyes) were operated. Lid tear was the most common surgical procedure performed [\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 18 (32.7%)]. Dose of ketamine needed ranged from 30 to 120 mg (66.67 \u00b1 30.45). No intubation or resuscitation was needed. Four children complained of nausea and two needed an additional dose of intravenous ondansetron due to vomiting in the post-operative period. Incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was not affected by age, duration of surgery or dose of ketamine used (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > 0.05). There was no correlation between increase in pulse and dose of ketamine.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Combined ketamine and regional anesthesia is a safe and effective alternative to administer anesthesia in a child during ocular surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2839_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T00:20:11Z","timestamp":1611015611000},"page":"395-399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Resurgence of combined intravenous Ketamine and regional anesthesia in pediatric ocular surgery in COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Vimal K","family":"Rajput","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhash","family":"Tuvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shweta","family":"Bhalsing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Snehal","family":"Bhalsing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-44-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004872","article-title":"Pediatric airway management in COVID-19 patients: Consensus guidelines from the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia's pediatric difficult intubation collaborative and the Canadian Pediatric Anesthesia Society","volume":"131","author":"Matava","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R2-44-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_871_20","article-title":"All India Ophthalmological Society-Indian Journal of Ophthalmology consensus statement on preferred practices during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"68","author":"Sengupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-44-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000487","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2020-000487","article-title":"Ophthalmology practice during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"5","author":"Safadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-44-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14438","article-title":"Precautionary measures needed for ophthalmologists during pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"98","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-44-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1755442","article-title":"COVID-19: Limiting the risks for eye care professionals","volume":"28","author":"Sadhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"R6-44-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1789_20","article-title":"Pediatric ophthalmology, strabismus and neuro-ophthalmology practice in the COVID-19 era: All India Ophthalmological Society guidelines","volume":"68","author":"Saxena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-44-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13889","article-title":"Pediatric anesthetic implications of COVID-19- A review of current literature","volume":"30","author":"Lee-Archer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Anesth"},{"key":"R8-44-20240828","first-page":"E285","article-title":"Ketamine: An update on cellular and subcellular mechanisms with implications for clinical practice","volume":"20","author":"Iacobucci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"R10-44-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.5.535","article-title":"Ketamine anesthesia for pediatric ophthalmic surgery","volume":"87","author":"Pun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-44-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1996.tb03470.x","article-title":"Ketamine safety profile in the developing world","volume":"3","author":"Green","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"R12-44-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2020.05.012","article-title":"Guidelines: Anesthesia in the context of COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"39","author":"Velly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med"},{"key":"R13-44-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002152","article-title":"Inhalational versus intravenous induction of anesthesia in children with a high risk of perioperative respiratory adverse events: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"128","author":"Ramgolam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R15-44-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15081","article-title":"Intubation boxes for managing the airway in patients with COVID-19","volume":"75","author":"Kearsley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesthesia"},{"key":"R16-44-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-198902910-00011","article-title":"Botulin therapy in pediatric ophthalmology","volume":"29","author":"Magoon","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"R17-44-20240828","first-page":"593","article-title":"Anesthesia with Ketalar in pediatric ophthalmology","volume":"28","author":"Simitovic","year":"1974","journal-title":"Med Arch"},{"key":"R18-44-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.4103\/0259-1162.143110","article-title":"Ketamine: Current applications in anesthesia, pain and critical care","volume":"8","author":"Kurdi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesth Essays Res"},{"key":"R19-44-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23115","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23115","article-title":"Effect of ketamine combined with lidocaine in pediatric anesthesia","volume":"34","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"R20-44-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2012.04.030","article-title":"Clinical effects of adjunctive atropine during ketamine sedation in pediatric emergency patients","volume":"30","author":"Kye","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R21-44-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet192","article-title":"Effect of ketamine as an adjunct to intravenous patient controlled analgesia, in patients at high risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting undergoing lumbar spinal surgery","volume":"111","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"R22-44-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000120161.30788.04","article-title":"A randomized comparison of a multimodal management strategy versus combination antiemetics for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting","volume":"99","author":"Habib","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2839_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:37:30Z","timestamp":1787845050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2839_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2839_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}}}