{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:36:51Z","timestamp":1792629411664,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Dry eye disease (DED) is a multi-factorial ocular surface condition driven by compromised ocular lubrication and inflammation which leads to itching, dryness, and vision impairment. The available treatment modalities primarily target the acquired symptoms of DED including tear film supplements, anti-inflammatory drugs, mucin secretagogues, etc., However, the underlying etiology is still an area of active research, especially in regard to the diverse etiology and symptoms. Proteomics is a robust approach that has been playing major role in understanding the causative mechanism and biochemical changes in DED by identifying the changes in protein expression profile in tears. Tears are a complex fluid composed of several biomolecules such as proteins, peptides, lipids, mucins, and metabolites secreted from lacrimal gland, meibomian gland, cornea, and vascular sources. Over the past two decades, tears have emerged as a bona-fide source for biomarker identification in many ocular conditions because of the minimally invasive and simple sample collection procedure. However, the tear proteome can be altered by several factors, which increases the complexity of the approach. The recent advancements in untargeted mass spectrometry-based proteomics could overcome such shortcomings. Also, these technological advancements help to distinguish the DED profiles based on its association with other complications such as Sjogren\u2019s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and meibomian gland dysfunction. This review summarizes the important molecular profiles found in proteomics studies to be altered in DED which have added to the understanding of its pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2851_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T11:10:52Z","timestamp":1680952252000},"page":"1203-1214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Tear proteomics in dry eye disease"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Ramaraj","family":"Kannan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samayitree","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics Support Platform, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore"},{"name":"Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arkasubhra","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vrushali","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.008","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II definition and classification report","volume":"15","author":"Craig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70081-2","article-title":"The definition and classification of dry eye disease","volume":"5","author":"Lemp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1185","article-title":"Effect of environmental conditions on tear dynamics in soft contact lens wearers","volume":"45","author":"Maruyama","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.5.25","article-title":"Climatic and environmental correlates of dry eye disease severity:A report from the dry eye assessment and management (DREAM) Study","volume":"9","author":"Berg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"R5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3109\/15569527.2013.832688","article-title":"Effects of chronic smoking on central corneal thickness, endothelial cell, and dry eye parameters","volume":"33","author":"Sayin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cutan Ocul Toxicol"},{"key":"R6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-420","article-title":"Dry eye in LASIK patients","volume":"7","author":"Azuma","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"R7-20240828","first-page":"2289","article-title":"Assessment of dry eye signs and symptoms and ocular tolerance of a preservative-free lacrimal substitute (Hylabak\u00ae) versus a preserved lacrimal substitute (Systane\u00ae) used for 3 months in patients after LASIK","volume":"7","author":"Astakhov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-20240828","first-page":"881","article-title":"Visual and ocular effects from the use of flat-panel displays","volume":"9","author":"Porcar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000641","article-title":"Depressive symptoms in dry eye disease patients:A case-control study using the Beck Depression Inventory","volume":"34","author":"Hallak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-303838","article-title":"Dry eye disease, dry eye symptoms and depression:The Beijing Eye Study","volume":"97","author":"Labb\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.004","article-title":"Tfos Dews II Iatrogenic report","volume":"15","author":"Gomes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.011","article-title":"Tfos dews II pathophysiology report","volume":"15","author":"Bron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R13-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.003","article-title":"Tfos dews II epidemiology report","volume":"15","author":"Stapleton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318225415a","article-title":"Distribution of aqueous-deficient and evaporative dry eye in a clinic-based patient cohort:A retrospective study","volume":"31","author":"Lemp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R15-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)98033-2","article-title":"Meibomian gland dysfunction in patients with Sj\u00f6gren syndrome","volume":"105","author":"Shimazaki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.03.006","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II tear film report","volume":"15","author":"Willcox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R17-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1179\/136485910X12647085215859","article-title":"Estimating the prevalence of dry eye among Indian patients attending a tertiary ophthalmology clinic","volume":"104","author":"Gupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"R18-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.007","article-title":"Incidence, demographics, types and risk factors of dry eye disease in India:Electronic medical records driven big data analytics report I","volume":"17","author":"Donthineni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R19-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70178-7","article-title":"Compositional profiling and biomarker identification of the tear film","volume":"6","author":"Jacob","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R20-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13167-016-0065-3","article-title":"Tear fluid biomarkers in ocular and systemic disease:Potential use for predictive, preventive and personalised medicine","volume":"7","author":"Hagan","year":"2016","journal-title":"EPMA J"},{"key":"R21-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0731","article-title":"Precorneal and pre-and postlens tear film thickness measured indirectly with optical coherence tomography","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R22-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2003.09.019","article-title":"Functional aspects of the tear film lipid layer","volume":"78","author":"Bron","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"R23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2007.04.009","article-title":"The correlation between the tear film lipid layer and dry eye disease","volume":"52","author":"Foulks","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R24-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199701000-00014","article-title":"Importance of the lipid layer in human tear film stability and evaporation","volume":"74","author":"Craig","year":"1997","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R25-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(00)00203-4","article-title":"The ocular surface and tear film and their dysfunction in dry eye disease","volume":"45","author":"Rolando","year":"2001","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R26-20240828","first-page":"363","article-title":"The defence mechanism of the outer eye","volume":"104","author":"Smolin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK"},{"key":"R27-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.04.053","article-title":"In-depth analysis of the human tear proteome","volume":"75","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Proteomics"},{"key":"R28-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.11.009","article-title":"Sex and age differences in symptoms and signs of dry eye disease in a Norwegian cohort of patients","volume":"19","author":"Tellefsen N\u00f8land","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R29-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.07.015","article-title":"Tears as a source of biomarkers for ocular and systemic diseases","volume":"117","author":"von Thun Und Hohenstein-Blaul","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"R30-20240828","first-page":"101","article-title":"Diagnostic potential of tears in ophthalmology","volume":"73","author":"Glinsk\u00e1","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cesk Slov Oftalmol"},{"key":"R31-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2021.4916","article-title":"Critical role of mass spectrometry proteomics in tear biomarker discovery for multifactorial ocular diseases","volume":"47","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"R32-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2000.16.439","article-title":"Comparison of tear sampling techniques for pharmacokinetic analysis:Ofloxacin concentrations in rabbit tears after sampling with Schirmer tear strips, capillary tubes, or surgical sponges","volume":"16","author":"Small","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R33-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563217695843","article-title":"Evaluation of commonly used tear sampling methods and their relevance in subsequent biochemical analysis","volume":"54","author":"Rentka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"R34-20240828","first-page":"5052","volume":"53","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2012","journal-title":"iTRAQ quantitative proteomics in the analysis of tears in dry eye patients. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R35-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6469","DOI":"10.1021\/ac401020s","article-title":"Effects of ammonium bicarbonate on the electrospray mass spectra of proteins:Evidence for bubble-induced unfolding","volume":"85","author":"Hedges","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"R36-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5136","DOI":"10.1021\/ac970765y","article-title":"Use of nonvolatile buffers in liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry:Advantages of capillary-scale particle beam interfacing","volume":"69","author":"Cappiello","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"R37-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.2990","article-title":"Quantitative carbamylation as a stable isotopic labeling method for comparative proteomics","volume":"21","author":"Angel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom"},{"key":"R38-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M400129-MCP200","article-title":"Multiplexed protein quantitation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using amine-reactive isobaric tagging reagents","volume":"3","author":"Ross","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"key":"R39-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.9b00149","article-title":"Integrated tear proteome and metabolome reveal panels of inflammatory-related molecules via key regulatory pathways in dry eye syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"R40-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.13.8","article-title":"Quantitative proteomics and weighted correlation network analysis of tear samples in adults and children with diabetes and dry eye","volume":"9","author":"Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"R41-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5035","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-27872","article-title":"Changes in human tear proteome following topical treatment of dry eye disease:Cyclosporine a versus diquafosol tetrasodium","volume":"60","author":"Ji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R42-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2002.kid565.x","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of normal human urinary proteins isolated by acetone precipitation or ultracentrifugation","volume":"62","author":"Thongboonkerd","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R43-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1021\/pr900806x","article-title":"Acetone precipitation of proteins and the modification of peptides","volume":"9","author":"Simpson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"R44-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.201400120","article-title":"Quantitation with chemical tagging reagents in biomarker studies","volume":"9","author":"Westbrook","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proteomics Clin Appl"},{"key":"R45-20240828","first-page":"936508","article-title":"Strong cation exchange chromatography in analysis of posttranslational modifications:Innovations and perspectives","volume":"2011","author":"Edelmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"R46-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3665","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200401031","article-title":"Current two-dimensional electrophoresis technology for proteomics","volume":"4","author":"G\u00f6rg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"R47-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(91)90094-A","article-title":"Blue native electrophoresis for isolation of membrane protein complexes in enzymatically active form","volume":"199","author":"Sch\u00e4gger","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"R48-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2010.7","article-title":"Tear proteomics in evaporative dry eye disease","volume":"24","author":"Versura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R49-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0200702","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200702","article-title":"The use of in-strip digestion for fast proteomic analysis on tear fluid from dry eye patients","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R50-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5772","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05772","article-title":"Tear proteomic analysis of Sj\u00f6gren syndrome patients with dry eye syndrome by two-dimensional-nano-liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R51-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.05.025","article-title":"Correlation between dry eye and rheumatoid arthritis activity","volume":"140","author":"Fujita","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R52-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.08.003","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II report executive summary","volume":"15","author":"Craig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R53-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-199803810-00003","article-title":"The ocular manifestations of rheumatoid disease","volume":"38","author":"Harper SL Foster","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"R54-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2016.09.005","article-title":"Tear fluid protein changes in dry eye syndrome associated with rheumatoid arthritis:A proteomic approach","volume":"15","author":"Aluru","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R55-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-16699","article-title":"Proteomics differentiate between thyroid-associated orbitopathy and dry eye syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Matheis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R56-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-8-10","article-title":"Prevalence of dry eye syndrome and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"8","author":"Manaviat","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R57-20240828","first-page":"10","article-title":"Tear film function in non-insulin dependent diabetics","volume":"39","author":"Jin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"R58-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00599-6","article-title":"Tear function and ocular surface changes in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"108","author":"Dogru","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R59-20240828","first-page":"235","article-title":"The dry eye and diabetes mellitus","volume":"91","author":"Seifart","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"R60-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.08.002","article-title":"Self-reported dry eyes and diabetic history","volume":"77","author":"Hom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"key":"R61-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-018-0781-7","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical characteristics of dry eye disease in community-based type 2 diabetic patients:The Beixinjing eye study","volume":"18","author":"Zou","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R62-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4223","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-1319","article-title":"Neurturin-deficient mice develop dry eye and keratoconjunctivitis sicca","volume":"44","author":"Song","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R63-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071398","article-title":"Dry eye management:Targeting the ocular surface microenvironment","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R64-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997c","article-title":"The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction:Report of the subcommittee on anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the meibomian gland","volume":"52","author":"Knop","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R65-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2013.07.003","article-title":"Role of hyperosmolarity in the pathogenesis and management of dry eye disease:Proceedings of the OCEAN group meeting","volume":"11","author":"Baudouin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R67-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0181-5512(07)89584-2","article-title":"A new approach for better comprehension of diseases of the ocular surface","volume":"30","author":"Baudouin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"key":"R68-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.22719.x","article-title":"S100 proteins in the epidermis","volume":"123","author":"Eckert","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"R69-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4585","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S334942","article-title":"Changes in tear proteome after acupuncture treatment in dry eye","volume":"15","author":"Tong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R70-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8751","article-title":"Alterations in the tear proteome of dry eye patients\u2014A matter of the clinical phenotype","volume":"54","author":"Boehm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R71-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29629","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29629","article-title":"Proteomics analysis of human tears from aqueous-deficient and evaporative dry eye patients","volume":"6","author":"Perumal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R72-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13817-y","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of human lacrimal and tear fluid in dry eye disease","volume":"7","author":"Jung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R73-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTO.S111130","article-title":"Contact lens wear and dry eyes:Challenges and solutions","volume":"9","author":"Markoulli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Optom (Auckl)"},{"key":"R74-20240828","first-page":"291","article-title":"Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses of contact lens deposition","volume":"14","author":"Green-Church","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"R75-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2020.06.02","article-title":"PPAR\u03b3:The dominant regulator among PPARs in dry eye lacrimal gland and diabetic lacrimal gland","volume":"13","author":"Mu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R76-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2014.2041","article-title":"Decreased PPAR-\u03b3 expression in the conjunctiva and increased expression of TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 in the conjunctiva and tear fluid of dry eye mice","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"R78-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997b","article-title":"The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction:Report of the definition and classification subcommittee","volume":"52","author":"Nelson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R79-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20143505","article-title":"Dyslipidemia and meibomian gland dysfunction:Utility of lipidomics and experimental prospects with a diet-induced obesity mouse model","volume":"20","author":"Osae","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R80-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70150-7","article-title":"The contribution of meibomian disease to dry eye","volume":"2","author":"Bron","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R81-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199811000-00002","article-title":"The pathology of dry eye:The interaction between the ocular surface and lacrimal glands","volume":"17","author":"Stern","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R82-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-020-0319-1","article-title":"Goblet cells promote tolerance induction in the conjunctiva","volume":"13","author":"Pflugfelder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"R83-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031092","article-title":"Retinoid regulation of ocular surface innate inflammation","volume":"22","author":"Alam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R84-20240828","first-page":"141","article-title":"Augmentation of CFTR function combined with rescue of vitamin D receptor degradation mitigates hyperosmotic stress-induced inflammation in dry eye disease","volume":"61","author":"Ghosh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R85-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.2371","article-title":"Expression of retinoid receptors during human monocyte differentiation in vitro","volume":"270","author":"Fritsche","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"R86-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2013.04.004","article-title":"Retinoid X receptors in macrophage biology","volume":"24","author":"R\u0151szer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R87-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3414","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535366","article-title":"An essential role for RXR\u03b1 in the development of Th2 responses","volume":"35","author":"Du","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"R88-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.5.6.16","article-title":"Lower vitamin D level and distinct tear cytokine profile were observed in patients with mild dry eye signs but exaggerated symptoms","volume":"5","author":"Shetty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"R89-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849990","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.849990","article-title":"IL-17 Producing lymphocytes cause dry eye and corneal disease with aging in RXR\u03b1 mutant mouse","volume":"9","author":"Alam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"R90-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2021.04.002","article-title":"Altered ocular surface immune cell profile in patients with dry eye disease","volume":"21","author":"Nair","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R91-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2009.11.015","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced autophagy:Cell death or cell survival?","volume":"22","author":"Mazure","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol"},{"key":"R92-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2501","article-title":"Hypoxia signalling through mTOR and the unfolded protein response in cancer","volume":"8","author":"Wouters","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"R93-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1309","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2014.260","article-title":"Activation of HIF-1\u03b1 (hypoxia inducible factor-1\u03b1) prevents dry eye-induced acinar cell death in the lacrimal gland","volume":"5","author":"Seo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"R94-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2008.05.001","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor in eye disease","volume":"27","author":"Penn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"R95-20240828","first-page":"2506","article-title":"Tear fluid gelatinase B activity correlates with IL-1\u03b1 concentration and fluorescein clearance in ocular rosacea","volume":"40","author":"Afonso","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R96-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1382","article-title":"Desiccating stress stimulates expression of matrix metalloproteinases by the corneal epithelium","volume":"47","author":"Corrales","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R97-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1281","article-title":"Apical corneal barrier disruption in experimental murine dry eye is abrogated by methylprednisolone and doxycycline","volume":"47","author":"De Paiva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R98-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.21608\/mjcu.2020.116823","article-title":"Role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in diagnosis of dry eye","volume":"88","author":"Mohamed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med J Cairo Univ"},{"key":"R99-20240828","first-page":"1266","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases in epithelia from human recurrent corneal erosion","volume":"40","author":"Garrana","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R100-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318269ccd0","article-title":"Metalloproteinases in corneal diseases:Degradation and processing","volume":"31","author":"Sakimoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R101-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62232-8","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-9 knockout confers resistance to corneal epithelial barrier disruption in experimental dry eye","volume":"166","author":"Pflugfelder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"R102-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-6-31","article-title":"Cleavage of functional IL-2 receptor alpha chain (CD25) from murine corneal and conjunctival epithelia by MMP-9","volume":"6","author":"De Paiva","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Inflamm (Lond)"},{"key":"R103-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2009.5","article-title":"IL-17 disrupts corneal barrier following desiccating stress","volume":"2","author":"De Paiva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"R104-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1159\/000503636","article-title":"The key role of VEGF in the cross talk between pterygium and dry eye and its clinical significance","volume":"63","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"R105-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3203","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2476","article-title":"Production and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 on the ocular surface increase in dysfunctional tear syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Chotikavanich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R106-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32360","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204296200","article-title":"Activation of p38\u03b1 MAPK enhances collagenase-1 (matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1) and stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) expression by mRNA stabilization","volume":"277","author":"Reunanen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R107-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0945-053X(02)00007-0","article-title":"Inhibition of interleukin-1-stimulated MAP kinases, activating protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) transcription factors down-regulates matrix metalloproteinase gene expression in articular chondrocytes","volume":"21","author":"Liacini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"key":"R108-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4361","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.21.4361","article-title":"IL-1 induces collagenase-3 (MMP-13) promoter activity in stably transfected chondrocytic cells:Requirement for Runx-2 and activation by p38 MAPK and JNK pathways","volume":"29","author":"Mengshol","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R109-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4293","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1145","article-title":"Experimental dry eye stimulates production of inflammatory cytokines and MMP-9 and activates MAPK signaling pathways on the ocular surface","volume":"45","author":"Luo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R110-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00344","article-title":"A set of global metabolomic biomarker candidates to predict the risk of dry eye disease","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"R111-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1008608","article-title":"Oxidative modifications of S100 proteins:Functional regulation by redox","volume":"86","author":"Lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"R112-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.109245","article-title":"Effects of hyperosmolarity on annexin A1 on ocular surface epithelium in vitro","volume":"224","author":"Fernandez\u2013Torres","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"R113-20240828","first-page":"103","article-title":"Tear Lysozyme in Sj\u00f6gren\u00d7s syndrome, Meibomian gland dysfunction, and non-dry-eye","volume":"85","author":"Berra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"R114-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.185256","article-title":"Association of tear proteins with Meibomian gland disease and dry eye symptoms","volume":"95","author":"Tong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R115-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4889","DOI":"10.1021\/pr900686s","article-title":"Identification of tear fluid biomarkers in dry eye syndrome using iTRAQ quantitative proteomics","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"R116-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.03.018","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of taurine induced effects on the tear proteome of contact lens wearers and dry eye patients using a RP-RP-Capillary-HPLC\u2013MALDI TOF\/TOF MS approach","volume":"75","author":"Funke","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Proteomics"},{"key":"R117-20240828","first-page":"1109","volume":"28","author":"Nichols","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses in contact lens-related dry eye"},{"key":"R118-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201200230","article-title":"Proteomic analysis revealed the altered tear protein profile in a rabbit model of Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome-associated dry eye","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"R119-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787193","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.787193","article-title":"Proteomics analysis of tears and saliva from Sjogren's syndrome patients","volume":"12","author":"Das","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"R120-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900083","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.201900083","article-title":"Quantitative proteomics and weighted correlation network analysis of tear samples in type 2 diabetes patients complicated with dry eye","volume":"14","author":"Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proteomics Clin Appl"},{"key":"R121-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0205762","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205762","article-title":"Severity of clinical dry eye manifestations influences protein expression in tear fluid of patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Aqrawi","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R122-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12080","article-title":"Tear proteomic analysis of patients with type 2 diabetes and dry eye syndrome by two-dimensional nano-liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"55","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R123-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-26914","article-title":"Dysregulated tear fluid nociception-associated factors, corneal dendritic cell density, and vitamin D levels in evaporative dry eye","volume":"60","author":"Khamar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R124-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2018.11.001","article-title":"A novel and innovative paper-based analytical device for assessing tear lactoferrin of dry eye patients","volume":"17","author":"Sonobe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R125-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12014-020-09307-5","article-title":"Tear proteomic profile in three distinct ocular surface diseases:Keratoconus, pterygium, and dry eye related to graft-versus-host disease","volume":"17","author":"de Almeida Borges","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Proteomics"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2851_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:13:08Z","timestamp":1787166788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2851_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":123,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2851_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-27","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-09","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}