{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:03:06Z","timestamp":1787169786281,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n Ocular surface discomfort and dry eye disease are caused by a dysfunctional tear film. The efficacy of lubricating eye drops on the human eye is known, but the compositions may show differential effects on rescuing the tear film. Mucins form a critical layer of the tear film, a reduction of which may be causative for ocular surface conditions. Therefore, it is essential to develop relevant human-derived models to test mucin production.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Human corneoscleral rims were obtained from a healthy donor (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 8) post-corneal keratoplasty and cultured in DMEM\/F12 media. Hyperosmolar stress mimicking dry eye disease was induced by exposing the corneoscleral rim tissues to +200 mOsml NaCl-containing media. The corneoscleral rims were treated with polyethylene glycol\u2013propylene glycol (PEG\u2013PG)-based topical formulation. Gene expression analysis was performed for\n NFAT5<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n MUC5AC<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n MUC16<\/jats:italic>\n . Secreted mucins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Elabscience, Houston, TX, USA) for\n MUC5AC<\/jats:italic>\n and\n MUC16<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The corneoscleral rims responded to hyperosmolar stress by upregulating\n NFAT5<\/jats:italic>\n , a marker for increased osmolarity, as observed in the case of dry eye disease. The expression of\n MUC5AC<\/jats:italic>\n and\n MUC16<\/jats:italic>\n was reduced upon an increase in hyperosmotic stress. The corneoscleral rim tissues showed induction of\n MUC5AC<\/jats:italic>\n and\n MUC16<\/jats:italic>\n expression upon treatment with PEG\u2013PG topical formulation but did not show significant changes in the presence of hyperosmolar treatments.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n Our findings showed that PEG\u2013PG-based topical formulation slightly alleviated hyperosmolar stress-induced decrease in\n MUC5AC<\/jats:italic>\n and\n MUC16<\/jats:italic>\n gene expression that is encountered in DED.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_2855_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T11:10:52Z","timestamp":1680952252000},"page":"1582-1586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Modulation of mucin secretion using combined polyethylene glycol\u2013propylene glycol topical formulation in a hyperosmotic 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