{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:29:08Z","timestamp":1786728548027,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify different types of exotropia in children less than 16 years and their clinical presentation. The secondary objective is to identify the age of onset, age of presentation, birth history, and ocular and systemic associations as well as to evaluate their motor and sensory status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This hospital-based descriptive observational study was conducted from September 2018 to December 2019. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of exotropia of age less than 16 years, and exotropia of\n                      <jats:bold>\u2265<\/jats:bold>\n                      10 PD were included in the study. Data were collected using a structured proforma. All statistical calculations were performed using Microsoft Excel Office version 2016 and R version 4.0.2.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two hundred eighty-six (286) consecutive children with exotropia were analyzed. Intermittent exotropia (72%) was the most common form of exotropia, followed by exotropia with a neurological association (11%), infantile (8%), sensory (6%), restrictive (2%), and paralytic (1%) types. Exotropia with neurological association had a significantly earlier age of presentation (median = 42months) as compared to other types (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.039).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recorded a huge amount of cases of exotropia associated with neurological abnormalities and this group of patients had significantly more number of preterm and low birth weight children. This study has its limitations as it is not a population-based study and prevalence rates could not be calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_29_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:01:11Z","timestamp":1700438471000},"page":"3637-3641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical profile of childhood exotropia in a tertiary eye care center in North India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Jinal","family":"Gore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus and Neuro-ophthalmology, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soveeta","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus and Neuro-ophthalmology, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suma","family":"Ganesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus and Neuro-ophthalmology, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.02.019","article-title":"Factors associated with childhood strabismus: Findings from a population-based study","volume":"113","author":"Robaei","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R2-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.032","article-title":"Risk factors associated with childhood strabismus: The multi-ethnic pediatric eye disease and Baltimore pediatric eye disease studies","volume":"118","author":"Cotter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R3-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.134700","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for common vision problems in children: Data from the ALSPAC study","volume":"92","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.034","article-title":"Prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in white and African American children aged 6 through 71 months: The Baltimore pediatric eye disease study","volume":"116","author":"Friedman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R5-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1994.01090220099030","article-title":"Risk factors for esotropia and exotropia","volume":"112","author":"Chew","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(89)32932-0","article-title":"Strabismus in infancy","volume":"96","author":"Archer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R8-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)73370-7","article-title":"Incidence of strabismus in neonates","volume":"100","author":"Nixon","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R12-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.04.001","article-title":"Common forms of childhood exotropia","volume":"110","author":"Mohney","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R13-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/09273970701506086","article-title":"Factors affecting the surgical outcome of primary exotropia","volume":"15","author":"Faridi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Strabismus"},{"key":"R14-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.026","article-title":"Female predominance in intermittent exotropia","volume":"140","author":"Nusz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R15-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2010.24.2.96","article-title":"A comparison of the clinical characteristics of intermittent exotropia in children and adults","volume":"24","author":"Jung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R16-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000754","article-title":"Epidemiology of intermittent exotropia in preschool children in China","volume":"93","author":"Pan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R17-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.75","article-title":"Outcomes of surgery in children with early-onset exotropia","volume":"27","author":"Suh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R18-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2006.02.006","article-title":"The natural history of surgically untreated intermittent exotropia-looking into the distant future","volume":"10","author":"Romanchuk","year":"2006","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"R19-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.04.022","article-title":"Age at strabismus diagnosis in an incidence cohort of children","volume":"144","author":"Mohney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R20-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(66)90751-3","article-title":"Strabismus. I. A summary of 1110 consecutive cases","volume":"61","author":"Fletcher","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R21-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19710201-07","article-title":"Correlation between strabismus and central nervous system injuries","volume":"8","author":"Blazso","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"R22-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.3.329","article-title":"Strabismus in premature infants in the first year of life","volume":"116","author":"Bremer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R23-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0208848","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208848","article-title":"A comparison of surgical outcomes between pre-and full-term patients with exotropia","volume":"13","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R24-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.6.767","article-title":"Strabismus in children of birth weight less than 1701g","volume":"120","author":"O'Connor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R25-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(89)32774-6","article-title":"Primary inferior oblique overaction in congenital esotropia, accommodative esotropia, and intermittent exotropia","volume":"96","author":"Wilson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_29_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:28:30Z","timestamp":1786724910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_29_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_29_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-03","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-17","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}