{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:08:20Z","timestamp":1790996900813,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early detection of sight-threatening disorders by technological applications like teleophthalmology and prompt treatment can help decrease visual impairment. This study evaluated the role of teleophthalmology in underserved rural areas along with cost-saving estimates for the end user.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective, observational, cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted over 3 months. First 1000 teleconsultations were included. None of the patients denied providing informed consent. The patients were consulted at the eight vision centers and three satellite centers of the hospital in the nearby rural and tribal regions closer to their residential places. These vision and satellite centers were connected to the base hospital like a hub and spoke model with a teleophthalmology network.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cataract (n = 301, 30.1%) and refractive error (n = 290, 29%) were the most common diagnosis. 42.1% of patients were referred to base hospital for further evaluation. Thus, a total of 57.9% of patients were not required to visit the base hospital for initial consultation, saving time and money. Furthermore, 15.1% of patients were provided medical treatment at the vision center and satellite center, which helped in making teleophthalmology cost-saving for the patients. An average of Rs. 621\/- were saved per patient for the community in our study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Networked teleophthalmology model can be an affordable and feasible tool for providing eye care delivery services in rural and tribal regions of Gujarat and the whole country, especially for the end user. Thus, it may be a workable model in ophthalmology practice with substantial cost saving to the community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_3010_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T03:33:05Z","timestamp":1690860785000},"page":"2995-3000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A technological approach to \u201cReaching the Unreached\u201d \u2013 Leveraging teleophthalmology services in Rural Gujarat"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Zalak","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Ophthalmology, Comprehensive Ophthalmology Fellow, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uma","family":"Shroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Ophthalmology Department, Pediatric Ophthalmologist and Anterior Segment Surgeon, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uday","family":"Gajiwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Ophthalmology, Superintendent, Tejas Eye Hospital, Divyajyoti Trust, Mandvi, Surat, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B R","family":"Shamanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public health, School of Medical Science, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-04879-2","article-title":"Telemedicine in ophthalmology in view of the emerging COVID-19 outbreak","volume":"258","author":"Sommer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1784_20","article-title":"Tele-ophthalmology:Need of the hour","volume":"68","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.17511\/ijmrr.2013.i05.11","article-title":"Blindness:Indian scenario:Is it really preventable?","volume":"1","author":"Iqbal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Med Res Rev"},{"key":"R6-20240828","article-title":"The mobile teleophthalmology unit in rural and underserved areas of South India","volume":"6","author":"John","year":"2021","journal-title":"Telehealth Med Today"},{"key":"R7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.4103\/ijcm.IJCM_199_20","article-title":"Teleophthalmology as a model for detecting ocular diseases in tribal areas of a north west state in India","volume":"46","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Community Med"},{"key":"R8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683267","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/683267","article-title":"Teleophthalmology:A model for eye care delivery in rural and underserved areas of India","volume":"2011","author":"Prathiba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Family Med"},{"key":"R9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X17742182","article-title":"Models of care in tele-ophthalmology:A scoping review","volume":"25","author":"Caffery","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Telemed Telecare"},{"key":"R10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-021-02806-w","article-title":"An evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of telephone triage in prioritising patient visits to an ophthalmic emergency department-The impact of COVID-19","volume":"191","author":"Hanrahan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"R11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6271","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20242","article-title":"Global patterns in health burden of uncorrected refractive error","volume":"57","author":"Lou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1221","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30393-5","article-title":"Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990-2020:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Flaxman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"R13-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089","article-title":"Strategies for cataract and uncorrected refractive error case finding in India:Costs and cost-effectiveness at scale","volume":"7","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia"},{"key":"R14-20240828","first-page":"150","article-title":"The Muranga teleophthalmology study:Comparison of virtual (teleglaucoma) with in-person clinical assessment to diagnose glaucoma","volume":"209","author":"Kiage","year":"2013","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R15-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e113779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113779","article-title":"The effectiveness of teleglaucoma versus in-patient examination for glaucoma screening:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Thomas","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4529824","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4529824","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy screening using telemedicine tools:Pilot study in Hungary","volume":"2016","author":"Eszes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"R17-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296816629983","article-title":"The evolution of teleophthalmology programs in the United Kingdom:Beyond diabetic retinopathy screening","volume":"10","author":"Sim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"R18-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000915","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2021-000915","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of teleretinal screening for detection of diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Mehraban","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R19-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2017.0100","article-title":"Tele-ophthalmology for age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy screening:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Telemed J E Health"},{"key":"R20-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.12.004","article-title":"The role of tele-ophthalmology in diabetic retinopathy screening","volume":"13","author":"Kalogeropoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Optom"},{"key":"R21-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_3716_20","article-title":"Telemedicine in diabetic retinopathy screening in India","volume":"69","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R22-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_991_19","article-title":"Role of teleophthalmology to manage anterior segment conditions in vision centres of south India:EyeSmart study-I","volume":"68","author":"Misra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_3010_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:17:38Z","timestamp":1787761058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_3010_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_3010_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-14","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-30","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}