{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:36:38Z","timestamp":1786649798928,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study\u2019s goal was to investigate the individuals who took a pre-military examination and were pronounced \u201cunfit for military service,\u201d in terms of etiological grouping, legal blindness, and whether or not the illness could have been prevented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The files of 174 individuals deemed \u201cunfit for military service\u201d due to eye disease at the State Hospital Ophthalmology Department between January 2018 and January 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. The disorders were classified as refractive error, strabismus, amblyopia-related, congenital, hereditary, infectious\/inflammatory, degenerative, and trauma-related pathologies. The reasons for unsuitability for military service were classified according to monocular and binocular legal blindness, preventability, and treatability with early diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our study, the reasons associated with refractive error, strabismus, and amblyopia were placed first in the etiology of unsuitability for military service (40.2%). The next most prevalent condition was trauma (19.5%), which was followed by degenerative (18.4%), congenital (10.9%), hereditary (6.9%), and infectious\/inflammatory disorders (4.0%). There was a history of penetrating trauma in 79.4% of trauma patients and blunt trauma in 20.6% of patients. When the etiology was evaluated, 19.5% were in preventable and 51.2% were in treatable group with early diagnosis. In our study, legal blindness was detected in 116 patients. Of these patients, 79% had monocular legal blindness and 21% had binocular legal blindness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is vital to investigate the etiology of visual disorders, control preventable causes, and determine the methods that will provide early diagnosis and treatment of curable causes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_3014_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T03:32:04Z","timestamp":1684294324000},"page":"2212-2215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of applicants unable to perform military service due to eye disease in terms of disease etiology and preventability: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Berire \u015eeyma","family":"Durmu\u015f Ece","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kastamonu University Faculty of Medicine, Mus State Hospital, Mus, Kastamonu, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130rem","family":"G\u00fcne\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"T.C. Saglik Bakanligi, Mus State Hospital, Mus, Kastamonu, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20251006","first-page":"44","article-title":"G\u00f6z Hastal\u0131klar\u0131Nedeniyle Askerli\u011fe Elveri\u015fli De\u011fildir Karar\u0131Alm\u0131\u015fY\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin Tan\u0131sal Y\u00f6nden De\u011ferlendirilmesi","volume":"47","author":"Durukan","year":"2005","journal-title":"G\u00fclhane T\u0131p Derg"},{"key":"R3-20251006","article-title":"Bir G\u00f6z Hastal\u0131klar\u0131Uzman\u0131nca Askerli\u011fe Elveri\u015fsiz Oldu\u011fu Karar\u0131Verilen Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin Etyolojik De\u011ferlendirmesi","author":"Karaca","year":"2021","journal-title":"SD\u00dcT\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi Derg"},{"key":"R4-20251006","first-page":"191","article-title":"G\u00f6z Hastal\u0131klar\u0131A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Askerli\u011fe Elveri\u015fsiz Oldu\u011fu Karar\u0131Verilen Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin Etiyolojik De\u011ferlendirmesi:Kesitsel Ara\u015ft\u0131rma","volume":"30","author":"Mutlu","year":"2021","journal-title":"T\u00fcrkiye Klin Oftalmol Derg"},{"key":"R5-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.104034","article-title":"Global cost of correcting vision impairment from uncorrected refractive error","volume":"90","author":"Fricke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"R6-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E013","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523817000207","article-title":"Early diagnosis of amblyopia","volume":"35","author":"Hunter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vis Neurosci"},{"key":"R7-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.21601\/ortadogutipdergisi.295005","article-title":"\u00c7ocuklarda Ambliyopi ve \u00dclkemizdeki G\u00f6rme Tarama Program\u0131","volume":"9","author":"\u015eahin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ortado\u011fu T\u0131p Derg"},{"key":"R8-20251006","first-page":"157","article-title":"Bitlis ili ve \u00e7evresinde askerlik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki gen\u00e7erkeklerin yasal k\u00f6rl\u00fck ve \u015fiddetli g\u00f6rme bozuklu\u011fu sebepleri","volume":"58","author":"K\u00f6yl\u00fc","year":"2016","journal-title":"G\u00fclhane T\u0131p Derg"},{"key":"R9-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13850","article-title":"Ocular trauma and prevention measures","volume":"48","author":"Hoskin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000193","article-title":"Eye \u0131njury prevention for the pediatric population","volume":"5","author":"Hoskin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"R11-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-019-01237-y","article-title":"Work tool-related eye injuries:Helsinki ocular trauma study","volume":"40","author":"Sahraravand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R12-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/795738","article-title":"The genetic and environmental factors for keratoconus","volume":"2015","author":"Gordon-Shaag","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"R13-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101559","article-title":"Keratoconus:An updated review","volume":"45","author":"Santodomingo-Rubido","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"R14-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210401400613","article-title":"Etiology of childhood blindness in Izmir, Turkey","volume":"14","author":"Cetin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_3014_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:58:32Z","timestamp":1786647512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_3014_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_3014_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-15","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-24","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}