{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:26:58Z","timestamp":1786739218522,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this work was to study various retinochoroidal parameters in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and the effect of interventions on these parameters at 6 months follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 36 patients were recruited prospectively from the otorhinolaryngology clinics of a large tertiary center between September 2018 to March 2020. The subjects were divided into three groups depending upon intervention chosen for OSAS: Group A (surgery, i.e., uvulopalatopharyngoplasty), group B (medical therapy, i.e., continuous positive air pressure) and group C (no intervention). Various retinochoroidal parameters which were studied included retinal thickness (RT), choroidal thickness (CT), choroidal vascularity index (CVI), arteriovenous ratio (AVR), capillary density index (CDI) in superficial and deep retina, at baseline and 6 months of follow-up after the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In group A, CT increased significantly at 6 months (332.76 \u00b1 86.41 um) compared to baseline (306.28 \u00b1 78.19) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P =<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.0004). Similarly, CDI at both superficial and deep capillary plexus increased significantly at 6 months (superficial CDI: 0.65 \u00b1 0.04, deep CDI: 0.38 \u00b1 0.01) compared to baseline (superficial CDI: 0.62 \u00b1 0.03, deep CDI: 0.36 \u00b1 0.02) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P =<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.004 and 0.002 respectively). In group B, CT increased significantly at 6 months (361.38 \u00b1 78.63 um) compared to baseline (324.21 \u00b1 76.97 um) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P =<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.008). Also, CVI showed a significant decrease at 6 months (65.74 \u00b1 1.84%) compared to baseline (67.36 \u00b1 1.57%) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P =<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.019). In group C, all except CDI in deep capillary plexus showed a significant decrease at 6 months (0.35 \u00b1 0.01) compared to baseline (0.36 \u00b1 0.02) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P =<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.003).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OSAS alters various retinochoroidal parameters and timely intervention in patients with OSAS can prevent these alterations. Also, these retinochoroidal parameters could serve as one of the markers to monitor the disease progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_3150_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T14:43:02Z","timestamp":1624632182000},"page":"1850-1855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Reversibility of retinochoroidal vascular alteration in patients with obstructive sleep apnea after continuous positive air pressure and surgical intervention"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Kalaivani","family":"Jayakumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Markan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aniruddha","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reema","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarakshi","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, St Joseph Mercy Hospital, Oakland, Pontiac, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupesh","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishali","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.12.017","article-title":"Characteristics and predictors of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with systemic hypertension","volume":"105","author":"Drager","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"R2-20260523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.1.15","article-title":"Sympathetic over activity in the etiology of hypertension of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"26","author":"Fletcher","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"R3-20260523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.14.1829","article-title":"Association of sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and hypertension in a large community-based study. 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