{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:50:18Z","timestamp":1793321418292,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and risk factors of short tear film break-up time (TBUT) type of dry eye disease and compare it with other types of dry eye diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study included 570 patients (\u2265 20 years) from the outpatient department using systematic random sampling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The age-adjusted prevalence of short TBUT type of dry eye disease was 5.4% (95% confidence interval: 3.2\u20136.8%). There was no difference (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05) between the total and subscale scores of the Ocular Surface Disease Index\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      questionnaire between patients with short TBUT and those with aqueous tear deficiency. Both these groups differed significantly (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) in the findings of TBUT, Schirmer I test, and Lissamine green staining score. The common symptoms in patients with short TBUT type of dry eye disease were eye fatigue (25.4%), heaviness in the eye (19.7%), and an uncomfortable sensation (14.1%). The symptoms in the aqueous tear deficiency group were light sensitivity (28.2%), dryness (19.2%), burning (13.0%), foreign body sensation (12.8%), and blurring of vision (14.1%). The risk factors associated with short TBUT type of dry eye disease were the presence of meibomian gland dysfunction (odds ratio: 3.759 [95% confidence interval: 2.135\u20136.618],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001) and female sex [odds ratio: 1.954 (95% confidence interval: 1.042\u20133.667),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.037].\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with short TBUT type of dry eye disease have symptom severity similar to aqueous tear-deficient dry eyes, but the pattern is different. The finding of this type of dry eye disease in India indicates its global presence, and ophthalmologists should consider it in their differential diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_327_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T06:54:59Z","timestamp":1638255299000},"page":"3463-3468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Short tear film breakup time-type of dry eye in India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Samrat","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, MGM Eye Institute, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepshikha","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, MGM Eye Institute, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)31024-X","article-title":"Dry eye with only decreased tear breakup time is sometimes associated with allergic conjunctivitis","volume":"102","author":"Toda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"DES64","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23746","article-title":"Short tear film breakup time-type dry eye","volume":"59","author":"Tsubota","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"DES7","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23475","article-title":"Definition and diagnostic criteria of dry eye disease:Historical overview and future directions","volume":"59","author":"Shimazaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.1008","article-title":"Alteration of tear mucin 5AC in office workers using visual display terminals. The Osaka study","volume":"132","author":"Uchino","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.12.019","article-title":"Importance of tear film instability in dry eye disease in office workers using visual display terminals:The Osaka study","volume":"159","author":"Yokoi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B6-20240828","first-page":"275","article-title":"Effects of suppression of blinking on quality of vision in borderline cases of evaporative dry eye Cornea","volume":"27","author":"Koh","year":"2008"},{"key":"B7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S128939","article-title":"Severe symptoms of short tear break-up time dry eye are associated with accommodative microfluctuations","volume":"11","author":"Kaido","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0184296","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184296","article-title":"Relationship of accommodation microfluctuation with dry eye symptoms in short tear break-up time dry eye","volume":"12","author":"Kaido","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"B9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18447","article-title":"Relationship of corneal pain sensitivity with dry eye symptoms in dry eye with short tear break-up time","volume":"57","author":"Kaido","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol. Vis Sci"},{"key":"B10-20240828","first-page":"1211","article-title":"Symptoms, visual function and mucin expression of eyes with tear film instability Cornea","volume":"32","author":"Shimazaki-Den","year":"2013"},{"key":"B11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2016.09.003","article-title":"New perspectives on dry eye definition and diagnosis:A consensus report by the Asia Dry Eye Society","volume":"15","author":"Tsubota","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"B12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.008","article-title":"TFOS DEWSII definition and classification report","volume":"15","author":"Craig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"B13-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2017.0019","article-title":"Effectiveness of combined tear film therapy in patients with evaporative dry eye with short tear film breakup time","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-018-0910-3","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution in patients with short tear film break-up time-type dry eye disease","volume":"18","author":"Mun","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B15-20240828","first-page":"e17255","article-title":"Assessment of tear film optical quality in a young short tear break-up time dry eye","volume":"98","author":"Xi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case-control study. Medicine"},{"key":"B16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_698_17","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of dry eye disease in north India:Ocular surface disease index-based cross-sectional hospital study","volume":"66","author":"Tityal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B17-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.007","article-title":"Incidence, demographics, types and risk factors of dry eye disease in India:Electronic medical records driven big data analytics report I","volume":"17","author":"Donthineni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"B18-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2299_19","article-title":"Dry eye disease in India","volume":"68","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B19-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002217","article-title":"Meibomian gland dysfunction in a hospital-based population in central India","volume":"39","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"B20-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997c","article-title":"The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction:Report of the subcommittee on anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the meibomian gland","volume":"52","author":"Knop","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B21-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1993.tb07146.x","article-title":"Ocular fatigue is the major symptoms of dry eye","volume":"71","author":"Toda","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B22-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70083-6","article-title":"Methodologies to diagnose and monitor dry eye disease:Report of the diagnostic methodology subcommittee of the international dry eye workshop (2007)","volume":"5","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"B23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.356","article-title":"Minimal clinically important difference for the ocular surface disease index","volume":"28","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B24-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200310000-00008","article-title":"Grading of corneal and conjunctival staining in the context of other dry eye tests","volume":"22","author":"Bron","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"B25-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997f","article-title":"The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction:Report of the diagnosis subcommittee","volume":"52","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B26-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.001","article-title":"TFOS DEWSII diagnostic methodology report","volume":"15","author":"Wolfsohnn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"B28-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.002","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II pain and sensation report","volume":"15","author":"Belmonte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"B29-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2013.09.002","article-title":"Corneal nerves in health and disease","volume":"59","author":"Shaheen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B30-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.1996.tb00595.x","article-title":"Test and symptoms in keratoconjunctivitis sicca and their correlations","volume":"74","author":"Bjerrum","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"B31-20240828","first-page":"4117","article-title":"Optical and visual impact of tear break-up in human eyes","volume":"41","author":"Tutt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B32-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31820d852a","article-title":"Comparison of mucin levels at the ocular surface of postmenopausal women with and without a history of dry eye","volume":"30","author":"Gipson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"B33-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-006-0452-x","article-title":"Conjunctival mucin deficiency in complete androgen insufficiency (CAIS)","volume":"245","author":"Mantelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B34-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3358","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21542-3","article-title":"Compensatory increases in tear volume and mucin levels associated with meibomian gland dysfunction caused by stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 deficiency","volume":"8","author":"Inaba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_327_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:16:00Z","timestamp":1787166960000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_327_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_327_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-07","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-10","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}