{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:54:50Z","timestamp":1792594490825,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the clinical profile and relative prevalence of subtypes of glaucoma presenting to a tertiary care center in India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 6,120 new patients (&gt;16 years) presenting between January 2016 and December 2017. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 11,016 eyes of 6,120 new patients were diagnosed with glaucoma. Sixty-one percent were male and 79% had a bilateral affliction. Primary glaucoma was present in 4,352 (71.1%) and secondary glaucoma in 1,063 (17.4%) subjects. Glaucoma was primary open-angle (POAG) in 4,015 (36.4%) eyes and primary angle closure disease (PACD) in 3,806 (34.5%) eyes. Commonest among secondary glaucoma was post-cataract surgery glaucoma (3.1%), neovascular glaucoma (2.4%), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) (2.1%), and steroid-induced glaucoma (SIG) (1.4%). Patients with primary glaucoma were older than secondary (56.6 \u00b1 0.2 vs 54.1 \u00b1 0.4;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001). Mean IOP was higher in secondary glaucoma compared to primary (26.9 \u00b1 0.3 vs 18.9 \u00b1 0.1;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001). Secondary glaucoma had greater mean CDR compared to primary glaucoma (0.77 \u00b1 0.007 vs 0.70 \u00b1 0.003;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001). The prevalence of blindness (visual acuity &lt;20\/200) was 16.2% of eyes. Mean deviation (MD) 20db or worse was noted in 39.5% of eyes at presentation including 47.8% of PACG, 37.3% of POAG, 51% of JOAG, 58% of PXG, and 45% of SIG, suggesting disease severity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At the presentation to a tertiary care center, 40% of all eyes with glaucoma had advanced disease with MD worse than \u2212 20D. PACG and JOAG had the worse disease among primary; among secondary, PXG and SIG had the worse disease at presentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_3305_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T12:14:28Z","timestamp":1695298468000},"page":"3305-3312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Prevalence of glaucoma types, clinical profile and disease severity at presentation: Tertiary Institute based cross-sectional study from South India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Praveen Kumar","family":"Seth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, VST Centre for Glaucoma Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirisha","family":"Senthil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, VST Centre for Glaucoma Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony Vipin","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of EyeSmart EMR and AEye, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"},{"name":"Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandrasekar","family":"Garudadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, VST Centre for Glaucoma Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through. 2040: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R3-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.081224","article-title":"The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020","volume":"90","author":"Quigley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300539","article-title":"Global estimates of visual impairment: |y2010","volume":"96","author":"Pascolini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20251009","first-page":"81","article-title":"Prevalence of primary glaucoma in an urban South Indian population","volume":"46","author":"Jacob","year":"1998","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"68","key":"R6-20251009","first-page":"116","article-title":"National programme for control of blindess (NPCB) in the eleventh (11th) five-year plan period","volume":"21","author":"Rathore","year":"2008","journal-title":"Community Eye Health J"},{"key":"R7-20251009","first-page":"115","article-title":"Global data on blindness","volume":"73","author":"Thylefors","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"R8-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.37597","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of glaucoma in central India (Glaucoma Survey 2001)","volume":"56","author":"Palimkar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00274-8","article-title":"Angle-closure glaucoma in an urban population in southern India. The Andhra Pradesh eye disease study","volume":"107","author":"Dandona","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R10-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00275-X","article-title":"Open-angle glaucoma in an urban population in southern India: The Andhra Pradesh eye disease study","volume":"107","author":"Dandona","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R11-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3181c4ac5b","article-title":"Glaucoma in India: Estimated burden of disease","volume":"19","author":"George","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"R12-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.100533","article-title":"Integrated model of primary and secondary eye care for underserved rural areas: The L V Prasad Eye Institute experience","volume":"60","author":"Rao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R13-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.2.238","article-title":"The definition and classification of glaucoma in prevalence surveys","volume":"86","author":"Foster","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R14-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000516","article-title":"New classification system for pediatric glaucoma: Implications for clinical care and a research registry","volume":"29","author":"Thau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R15-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.007","article-title":"Incidence, demographics, types and risk factors of dry eye disease in India: Electronic medical records driven big data analytics report I","volume":"17","author":"Donthineni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R16-20251009","first-page":"2008","volume":"31","year":"2008","journal-title":"Change the definition of blindness. Retrieved October"},{"key":"R18-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0260965","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260965","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical profile of glaucoma patients in rural Nigeria-A hospital based study","volume":"16","author":"Ezinne","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R19-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-021-02168-y","article-title":"Glaucoma and its predictors among adult patients attending ophthalmic outpatient department: A hospital-based study, North West Ethiopia","volume":"21","author":"Wubet","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R20-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0310","DOI":"10.15275\/rusomj.2013.0310","article-title":"Prevalence of glaucoma in an eye clinic in Ghana","volume":"2","author":"Bentum","year":"2013","journal-title":"Russ Open Med J"},{"key":"R21-20251009","first-page":"25","article-title":"Profile of glaucoma in a major eye hospital in north India","volume":"49","author":"Das","year":"2001","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R22-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.4103\/jcor.jcor_79_18","article-title":"Clinical profile and burden of primary glaucoma in rural camp patients attending a tertiary care center in India","volume":"7","author":"Khandelwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Ophthalmol Res"},{"key":"R23-20251009","first-page":"1","article-title":"Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with glaucoma in a tertiary eye facility in Ghana","volume":"79","author":"Nelson-Ayifah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Afr Vision Eye Health"},{"key":"R24-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.171963","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of patients with glaucoma: An analysis of hospital data between 2003 and 2012","volume":"63","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R25-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.41411","article-title":"Current profile of secondary glaucomas","volume":"56","author":"Gadia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R26-20251009","first-page":"217","article-title":"Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes: Indian scenario","volume":"125","author":"Mohan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"R27-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4621","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11950","article-title":"The prevalence and types of glaucoma in an urban Indian population: The Singapore Indian Eye Study","volume":"54","author":"Narayanaswamy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R28-20251009","first-page":"87","article-title":"Glaucoma in a suburban tertiary care hospital in Nigeria","volume":"5","author":"Enock","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Vis Res"},{"key":"R29-20251009","first-page":"25","article-title":"Profile of the subtypes of angle closure glaucoma in a tertiary hospital in north India","volume":"46","author":"Sihota","year":"1998","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R30-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.80.5.389","article-title":"Number of people with glaucoma worldwide","volume":"80","author":"Quigley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R31-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)00964-3","article-title":"Risk factors for progression of visual field abnormalities in normal-tension glaucoma","volume":"131","author":"Drance","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R32-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.10.034","article-title":"The Low-pressure Glaucoma Treatment Study (LoGTS) study design and baseline characteristics of enrolled patients","volume":"112","author":"Krupin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R33-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-11-18","article-title":"Prevalence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in Upper Egypt","volume":"11","author":"Shazly","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R34-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.117.10.1319","article-title":"The relationship between glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation: The Blue Mountains Eye Study","volume":"117","author":"Mitchell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R35-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10008-1129","article-title":"Presenting visual acuity and ocular comorbidity in patients with primary open angle glaucoma in a private tertiary eye center in Nigeria","volume":"7","author":"Duke","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Curr Glaucoma Pract"},{"key":"R36-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3635","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16093","article-title":"Progression to legal blindness in patients with normal tension glaucoma: Hospital-based study","volume":"56","author":"Sawada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R37-20251009","first-page":"215","article-title":"Review of findings of the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study: Policy implications for eye-care services","volume":"49","author":"Dandona","year":"2001","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R38-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307223","article-title":"Global variations and time trends in the prevalence of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG): A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Kapetanakis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R39-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2016.02.003","article-title":"Glaucoma history and risk factors","volume":"10","author":"McMonnies","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Optom"},{"key":"R40-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624179","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.624179","article-title":"Prevalence of primary angle closure glaucoma in the last 20 years: A meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"R41-20251009","first-page":"497067","article-title":"Glaucomatous visual field defect severity and the prevalence of motor vehicle collisions in Japanese: A hospital\/clinic-based cross-sectional study","author":"Ono","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol 2015"},{"key":"R42-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.01.043","article-title":"Prevalence and severity of undetected manifest glaucoma: Results from the early manifest glaucoma trial screening","volume":"120","author":"Heijl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R43-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1159\/000309383","article-title":"A comparison of visual field loss in primary open-angle glaucoma and the secondary glaucomas","volume":"189","author":"Lewis","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"R44-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.121064","article-title":"Determinants of severity at presentation among young patients with early onset glaucoma","volume":"61","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R45-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22980","article-title":"Asymmetric patterns of visual field defect in primary open-angle and primary angle-closure glaucoma","volume":"59","author":"Yousefi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_3305_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:26:40Z","timestamp":1786724800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_3305_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_3305_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-20","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-07","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}