{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T20:18:51Z","timestamp":1793477931144,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the earliest characteristics of retinal and optic disc alterations in diabetic children without diabetic retinopathy (DR) changes by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Settings and Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective, non-interventional case\u2013control study that involved 25 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) without clinical signs of DR and a demographically similar group of 25 healthy children as the control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The retina and optic disc were examined using OCTA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Analysis Used:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Correlations between the OCTA parameters and clinical predictors were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-five patients (median age: 14 years, interquartile range [IQR]: 13\u201315.9 years; 12\/25 [48%] girls) with T1DM and 25 age-matched controls were enrolled. The patients had a tendency toward thinner fovea (232.5 \u00b5m) as compared to the controls (244.3 \u00b5m) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.142). Superficial vascular density was significantly lower in the DM group compared to the controls (48.90 \u00b1 2.3 vs. 50.91 \u00b1 3.1,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.015). However, no such differences were observed at deeper vascular densities. The patients also had lower whole-disc (48.65 vs. 50.21,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.029), disc interior (49.14 vs. 52.11,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.044), superior (50.67 vs. 53.45,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.039), and peripapillary capillary densities (50.49 vs. 52.68,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.033). There was no statistical correlation between retinal\/optic disc angiography parameters and clinical predictors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In diabetic children without visual impairment or DR, signs of microvasculopathy were found in the superficial macular vascular density and inside the disc.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_3357_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T13:00:09Z","timestamp":1723640409000},"page":"S913-S918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Optical coherence tomography angiography evaluation of retinal and optic disc alterations in children with type 1 diabetes without retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Lina","family":"Raffa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rawan","family":"Alosaimy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghad","family":"Babaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salwan","family":"Ezzat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi 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