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Correction of strabismus will have little if any effect on the amblyopia, although the timing of surgery is controversial. Best outcomes are achieved if amblyopia is treated before the age of 7 years. The earlier the treatment, the more efficacious it is. In selected cases of bilateral amblyopia, the more defective eye must be given a competitive advantage over the comparatively good eye. Glasses alone can work when a refractive component is present, but occlusion might make the glasses work faster. The gold standard therapy for amblyopia remains occlusion of the better eye although penalization is also evidenced to achieve equal results. Pharmacotherapy has been shown to achieve suboptimal outcomes. Newer monocular and binocular therapies based on neural tasks and games are adjuncts to patching and can also be used in adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_338_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T14:01:26Z","timestamp":1688565686000},"page":"2677-2686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Comprehensive review of amblyopia: Types and management"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Savleen","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shipra","family":"Sharda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guru Nanak Eye Centre, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Himshikha","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guru Nanak Eye Centre, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhash","family":"Dadeya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guru Nanak Eye Centre, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68581-4","article-title":"Amblyopia","volume":"367","author":"Holmes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1159\/000511264","article-title":"Prevalence of amblyopia and associated risk factors in Tibetan grade one children","volume":"64","author":"Meng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"R4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.066688","article-title":"Monocular and binocular reading performance in children with microstrabismic amblyopia","volume":"89","author":"Stifter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.113670","article-title":"Risk of bilateral visual impairment in individuals with amblyopia: The Rotterdam study","volume":"91","author":"van Leeuwen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181fd132e","article-title":"Relationship between binocular vision, visual acuity, and fine motor skills","volume":"87","author":"O'Connor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2001.11644257","article-title":"Screening for amblyopia in preschool children: Results of a population-based randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Williams","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"R8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.5.1105","article-title":"Preschool vision screening: Summary of a task force report","volume":"106","author":"Hartmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.4.902","article-title":"Eye examination and vision screening guidelines in infants, children and young adults by pediatricians: Policy statement","volume":"111","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.193","article-title":"Screening for visual impairment in children younger than age 5 years: Recommendation statement","volume":"2","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"R11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E016","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523817000232","article-title":"Cortical correlates of amblyopia","volume":"35","author":"Kiorpes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vis Neurosci"},{"key":"R12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1994.157","article-title":"Factors affecting the outcome of children treated for amblyopia","volume":"8","author":"Woodruff","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"R13-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yaoo.2016.03.007","article-title":"The amblyopia treatment studies: Implications for clinical practice","volume":"1","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Ophthalmol Optom"},{"key":"R14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.01.068","article-title":"Pediatric eye disease investigator group. 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