{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:01:31Z","timestamp":1792011691208,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Dry eye disease is the most common complication and a frequent cause of patient dissatisfaction after corneal laser refractive surgery, which includes laser-assisted\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    keratomileusis (LASIK), small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). It has a complex, multifactorial etiology and is characterized by a highly variable clinical presentation. A detailed preoperative screening and optimization of the ocular surface prior to refractive surgery are the key to minimizing the incidence and severity of postoperative dry eye. Diagnosis of postrefractive surgery dry eye remains a challenge as no single symptom or clinical parameter is confirmative of the condition, and the symptoms and signs may not correlate well in many cases. A thorough understanding of the pathomechanism of the disease and its manifestations is essential to facilitate a treatment approach that is individualized for each patient. This article reviews various aspects of postrefractive surgery dry eye including its epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, and management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_3406_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T11:10:52Z","timestamp":1680952252000},"page":"1105-1114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Refractive surgery and dry eye - An update"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Sridevi","family":"Nair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea, Cataract and Refractive Surgery Services, Dr. R. P. Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manpreet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea, Cataract and Refractive Surgery Services, Dr. R. P. Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Namrata","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea, Cataract and Refractive Surgery Services, Dr. R. P. Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeewan S","family":"Titiyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea, Cataract and Refractive Surgery Services, Dr. R. P. Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.08.028","article-title":"Referrals to the Wills Eye Institute Cornea Service after laser in situ keratomileusis:Reasons for patient dissatisfaction","volume":"34","author":"Levinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70043-5","article-title":"Utility assessment to measure the impact of dry eye disease","volume":"4","author":"Buchholz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(00)00571-X","article-title":"Results of flap repositioning after laser in situ 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