{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T22:53:09Z","timestamp":1793400789155,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The occurrence of relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) secondary to optic nerve diseases and widespread retinal disorders is well established. However, only very few reports of RAPD in macular disorders exist in the literature. In this study, we used automated pupillometer to evaluate RAPD in eyes with macular lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was a prospective cross-sectional study. A total of 82 patients with choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) \u2013 65 unilateral and 17 bilateral macular lesions \u2013 were enrolled. RAPD was assessed with an automated pupillometer and macular lesions evaluated with optical coherence tomography (OCT). The length of the ellipsoid zone disruption was measured as the longest length of lesion on the horizontal raster scans and the area of macular lesion was measured manually, mapping the affected area of ellipsoid zone on the enface images.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      RAPD scores showed good correlation with the intereye difference in length of maximum ellipsoid zone disruption (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value = 0.84,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value &lt;0.001) and macular lesion area as measured on OCT in all unilateral cases (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value = 0.84,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value &lt;0.001). Best-corrected visual acuity was also found to have a significant correlation with lesion size on the OCT as well as the length of ellipsoid zone disruption in unilateral cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RAPD evaluated with an automated binocular pupillometer is a noninvasive and objective method to assess macular lesions in CNVMs; it shows good correlation with structural lesion dimensions on OCT in unilateral cases. Further longitudinal studies are needed to assess the significance of these findings in disease progression as well as correlation with lesion response to treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_3509_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T11:42:39Z","timestamp":1633434159000},"page":"2746-2750","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Quantification of relative afferent pupillary defect by an automated pupillometer and its relationship with visual acuity and dimensions of macular lesions in age-related macular degeneration"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Renu P","family":"Rajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreo-Retina, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit K","family":"Deb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreo-Retina, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, JIPMER Hospital, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonali","family":"Lomte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreo-Retina, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio M","family":"Privitera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naresh B","family":"Kannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreo-Retina, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 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