{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:03:23Z","timestamp":1787169803049,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the zonal variations in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and associated factors in people with known type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attending large eye care facilities in different regions of India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional eye-care facility-based study, India was divided into five zones; large eye care facilities with a good referral base and offering an entire range of care for patients with DR were invited. First-time T2DM attendees aged \u226518 years were recruited. All subjects received a comprehensive systemic and ophthalmic examination. DR and systemic diseases were classified as per the international\/national standards. Findings were compared between the zones and with the national average.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fourteen eye-care facilities (15% public) from five zones participated. In the cohort of 11,173 people, there were more males (59%); the average age was above 45 years, and in 57%, DM had been diagnosed more than 5 years earlier. Compared with the overall study population, the proportion of people with any DR, sight-threatening DR, and blind were higher in the east zone (42.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.2\u201344.8; 24.3%, 95% CI 22.3\u201326.3, and 11.5%, respectively); diabetic macular edema was more frequent in the south zone (12.2%, 95% CI 11.2\u201313.2); people with moderate-to-severe visual impairment were more in the west zone (32.1%) and higher proportion of people in the south-central zone had systemic hypertension (56.8%, 95% CI 54.8\u201358.9).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The zonal variation in DR and related vision loss could be related to variable health-seeking behavior, availability, and confidence in the available services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_3620_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T12:37:01Z","timestamp":1636634221000},"page":"3095-3101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Regional variation in diabetic retinopathy and associated factors in Spectrum of Eye Disease in Diabetes (SPEED) study in India\u2014Report 5"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Taraprasad","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute (Kallam Anji Reddy campus), Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gudlavalleti V S","family":"Murthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Hyderabad, India"},{"name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hira B","family":"Pant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramachandran","family":"Rajalakshmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Mohan\u2019s Diabetes Specialties Centre and Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umesh C","family":"Behera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreo-Retina, L V Prasad Eye Institute (Mithu Tulsi Chanrai campus), Bhubaneswar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the SPEED study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_33_19","article-title":"Spectrum of eye disorders in diabetes (SPEED) in India:Eye care facility-based study. 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