{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T18:26:19Z","timestamp":1788200779392,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to examine the pathology of retinoblastoma (RB) seeds with supportive evidence by field emission scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was a laboratory-based observational study. Enucleated eyeballs received in the ocular pathology department of a tertiary eye care center in northeast India were included in the cohort after obtaining written informed consent during the surgery. The study was carried out for 6 years (2015\u20132020). Most of the eyeballs were Group-E RBs. Standard eyeballs sectioning were done by bread loaf techniques. Gross documentations included RB seeds seen in the smallest calotte done with utmost care. Seeds were documented also in permanent sections. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were carried out in an index case.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of the total 59 cases, 35 RB cases had different seedings. The mean age at enucleation was 2.9 years. RB seeds were seen in vitreous (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 19), subretinal plus vitreous (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 7), anterior chamber (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1), over crystalline lens (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3), retinal surface (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2), subretinal (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1), calcified seeds (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2). Other characteristics were dusts (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 7), clouds (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 11), spheres (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4), and unspecified type (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 13). Histopathological high-risk factors showed significant choroidal (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 22) and optic nerve (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 15) involvement. Few cases had extraocular spread. Undifferentiated tumor (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 24) was seen with higher evidence of necrosis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 23). Raman spectra differentiated the seeds from the normal tissue on the basis of lipid and protein content.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights the different types of RB seeds with high-risk factors. The morphology of those seeds showed the difference between vitreous and subretinal seeds under advanced microscopic observations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_436_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T06:54:59Z","timestamp":1638255299000},"page":"3612-3617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pathologic evidence of retinoblastoma seeds supported by field emission scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Dipankar","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocular Pathology, Uveitis and Neuro-Ophthalmology, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasturi","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oculoplasty, Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manab J","family":"Barman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreo-Retina, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harsha","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surjendu","family":"Maity","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipankar","family":"Bandyopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddharth","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saurabh","family":"Deshmukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreo-Retina, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohit","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apurba","family":"Deka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocular Pathology, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1990.01070030134045","article-title":"The incidence of retinoblastoma in the United States: 1974 through 1985","volume":"108","author":"Tamboli","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B2-20240828","first-page":"790","article-title":"Clinicopathological profile of retinoblastoma patients in Asian Indians","volume":"41","author":"Vemuganti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-199303330-00011","article-title":"Clinical genetics of retinoblastoma","volume":"33","author":"Shields","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"B5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-301528","article-title":"Retinoblastoma: Direct chemotherapeutic drug delivery into the vitreous cavity","volume":"96","author":"Seregard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-20030901-05","article-title":"Hisopathological analysis of 232 Eyes with retinoblastoma conducted in an Indian Tertiary- Care Ophthalmic center","volume":"40","author":"Biswas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabisums"},{"key":"B7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.5858\/133.8.1203","article-title":"High-risk features and tumour differentiation in retinoblastoma: A retrospective histopathologic study","volume":"133","author":"Eagle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"B8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.129786","article-title":"A new rosette in retinoblastoma","volume":"62","author":"Das","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.5858\/133.8.1199","article-title":"Proceedings of the consensus meetings from the International Retinoblastoma staging working Group on the pathology guidelines for the examination of enucleated eyes and evaluation of prognostic risk factors in retinoblastoma","volume":"133","author":"Sastre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"B10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2153_19","article-title":"Fluorescein dye as a novel cost-effective approach for staining raw specimens in ophthalmic pathology","volume":"68","author":"Das","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.7.923","article-title":"Postenucleation adjuvant therapy in high-risk retinoblastoma","volume":"120","author":"Honavar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3109\/13816810.2014.973045","article-title":"Classification and management of seeds in retinoblastoma. Ellsworth Lecture Ghent August 24th 2013","volume":"35","author":"Munier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Genet"},{"key":"B14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(78)90137-9","article-title":"Scanning electron microscopy of retinoblastoma","volume":"27","author":"Craft","year":"1978","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"B16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02012790","article-title":"Bone remodeling in pathologic conditions. A scanning electron microscopic study","volume":"23","author":"Sela","year":"1977","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Res"},{"key":"B17-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/121501c0","article-title":"A new type of secondary radiation","volume":"121","author":"Raman","year":"1928","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B18-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"045608","DOI":"10.1088\/1612-2011\/10\/4\/045608","article-title":"In vivo and in situ monitoring of the nitric oxide stimulus response of single cancer cells by Raman spectroscopy","volume":"10","author":"Su","year":"2013","journal-title":"Laser Phys Lett"},{"key":"B19-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.4434","article-title":"Decomposition of in vivo spatially offset Raman spectroscopy data using multivariate analysis techniques","volume":"45","author":"Buckley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Raman Spectrosc"},{"key":"B20-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-006-0432-8","article-title":"Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis of serum samples from breast cancer patients","volume":"22","author":"Pichardo-Molina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"B21-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.12.014","article-title":"Histopathologic grading of anaplasia in retinoblastoma","volume":"159","author":"Mendoza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_436_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:16:41Z","timestamp":1787167001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_436_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_436_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-21","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-06","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}