{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:43:00Z","timestamp":1786653780811,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To curtail the potential of donor corneal tissue disseminating fungi to the recipient\u2019s eye, we evaluated the addition of amphotericin B to McCarey-Kaufman (M-K)\u2014corneal storage medium supplemented with colistin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Amphotericin B was examined for its ability to inhibit the growth of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aspergillus flavus<\/jats:italic>\n                      using a microbroth dilution test and checkerboard assay in combination with only gentamicin and a combination of colistin, gentamicin, and amphotericin B. The safety on epithelium and endothelium was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The minimal inhibitory concentration of gentamicin was found to be &gt;256 \u03bcg\/ml against both\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. flavus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , whereas that of amphotericin B was found to be in a range of 0.25\u20130.5 and 1\u20132 \u03bcg\/ml for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. flavus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , respectively. According to the checkerboard assay, 80% (4\/5) of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates and 100% (5\/5) of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. flavus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates responded synergistically to the combination of amphotericin B and gentamicin, but only 20% (1\/5) of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates showed an additive effect. None of the tested isolates displayed antagonism. The combined effect of the three drugs also did not display any antagonistic effect. Additionally, the MTT assay reveals no toxic effect of the antimicrobials used on corneal epithelial and endothelial cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      experiments demonstrate that amphotericin B is not toxic to either epithelium or endothelium and is a promising additive to the M-K medium supplemented with colistin.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_455_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T07:55:31Z","timestamp":1692604531000},"page":"3160-3165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Anti-fungal efficacy of combination of amphotericin B with colistin and gentamicin in McCarey-Kaufman corneal preservation medium"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Sushmasri","family":"Kukutam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ramayamma International Eye Bank, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunita R","family":"Chaurasia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ramayamma International Eye Bank, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"},{"name":"Shantilai Sanghvi Cornea Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joveeta","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanhita","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charanya","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivas","family":"Kandibanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ramayamma International Eye Bank, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.12.016","article-title":"Eye-banking risk factors for fungal endophthalmitis compared with bacterial endophthalmitis after corneal transplantation","volume":"139","author":"Hassan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)73580-9","article-title":"Bacterial and fungal endophthalmitis after penetrating keratoplasty","volume":"115","author":"Kloess","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.5.605","article-title":"Incidence of acute endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty:A systematic review","volume":"123","author":"Taban","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20251008","first-page":"509","article-title":"National outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty","volume":"111","author":"Aiello","year":"1993","journal-title":"Risks of endophthalmitis and retinal detachment. 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effect of polymixin E (Colistin) alone or in combination with gentamicin in McCarey-Kaufman corneal preservation medium on various drug resistant bacterial and fungal isolates","volume":"70","author":"Sushmasri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R19-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0521-7","article-title":"In vitro polymyxin activity against clinical multidrug-resistant fungi","volume":"8","author":"Yousfi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"R20-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0380-8","article-title":"Trends in microbiological spectrum of endophthalmitis at a single tertiary care ophthalmic hospital in India:A review of 25 years","volume":"33","author":"Joseph","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye 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