{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:32:07Z","timestamp":1787758327909,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the mid-twentieth century, trachoma was endemic in the northwestern states of India. We aimed to generate recent estimates of prevalence of trachomatous inflammation, follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in ten suspected-endemic districts across seven previously hyper-endemic states and union territories for trachoma in India including Delhi, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Gujarat, Uttarakhand and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population-based prevalence surveys were undertaken in 10 districts. In each of those districts, two-stage cluster sampling was used to select a sample of 2000 children aged 1\u20139 years and all adults aged \u226515 years in the enumerated households from a total of 20 clusters per district. Consenting eligible participants were examined for trachoma by trained ophthalmologists using the World Health Organization\u2019s simplified grading system. Data were analyzed at the district level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 13,802 households were surveyed in which 19,662 children were examined for TF and 44,135 adults aged \u226515 years were examined for TT. District-level TF prevalence in 1\u20139-year-olds ranged from 0.1% in Bikaner (95% CI: 0.01\u20130.3) to 2.1% in Dholpur (95% CI: 1.6\u20132.8) and that of trichiasis ranged from 0.7 per 1000 in Pauri Garhwal (95% CI: 0.01\u20131.4) to 22.1 per 1000 (95% CI: 15.8\u201328.4) in Car Nicobar. In four districts (Car Nicobar, Dholpur, Hoshiarpur, Tonk), trichiasis prevalence in adults aged \u226515 years was \u22650.2%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TF was not a public health problem in any of the districts surveyed; thus, antibiotic mass drug administration is not needed. However, TT among adults was found to be above 0.2% in four districts; thus, further trichiasis surgery interventions at the public health level are warranted to achieve elimination. These findings will facilitate planning for elimination of trachoma as a public health problem in India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_503_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T05:38:02Z","timestamp":1661751482000},"page":"3260-3265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Current status of trachoma in India: Results from the National Trachoma Prevalence Survey"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Noopur","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen","family":"Vashist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suraj S","family":"Senjam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meenakshi","family":"Wadhwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Souvik","family":"Manna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65918","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065918","article-title":"Rapid assessment of trachoma in underserved population of Car-Nicobar Island, India","volume":"8","author":"Vashist","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2015.1037401","article-title":"The Global Trachoma mapping project:Methodology of a 34-country population-based study","volume":"22","author":"Solomon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"B8-20240828","first-page":"477","article-title":"A simple system for the assessment of trachoma and its complications","volume":"65","author":"Thylefors","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"B9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-312476","article-title":"Strengthening the links between mapping, planning and global engagement for disease elimination:Lessons learnt from trachoma","volume":"102","author":"Courtright","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trab001","article-title":"Building on a decade of progress in water, sanitation and hygiene to control, eliminate and eradicate neglected tropical diseases","volume":"115","author":"Boisson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1585","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001585","article-title":"Prevalence of trachoma in unity state, South Sudan:Results from a large-scale population-based survey and potential implications for further surveys","volume":"6","author":"Edwards","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B13-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-012-9632-3","article-title":"Risk of trachoma in a SAFE intervention area","volume":"33","author":"Roba","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0158625","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158625","article-title":"Prevalence of trachoma in Car-Nicobar Island, India after three annual rounds of mass drug administration with azithromycin","volume":"11","author":"Malhotra","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B15-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0082","article-title":"Quality assurance and quality control in the global trachoma mapping project","volume":"99","author":"Solomon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_503_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:12:17Z","timestamp":1787757137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_503_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_503_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-02-21","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-09","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}