{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:33:25Z","timestamp":1787758405770,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a huge impact on the health care system. Diversion of health care workforce toward management of a high number of COVID-19 cases and lockdown restrictions have affected the follow-up of patients. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of this situation on the control of diabetes, eventually resulting in related neuro-ophthalmological complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective case series included diabetic patients visiting the neuro-ophthalmology clinic at a tertiary care eye center in India from 25 March 2020 to 25 September 2020 during the lockdown. The incidence of diabetes-related neuro-ophthalmological complications, including third, fourth, sixth nerve palsies and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) was evaluated and compared with that of the same period during 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall disease incidence rate was significantly higher in the year 2020 (60.2%) compared to the previous year of 2019 (29.8%). The proportion of third nerve palsy (4.8% vs 16.3%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and NAION (0.3% vs 14.3%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) had increased. Even though the percentage of sixth nerve palsy was 25% in 2020, this was not significantly different from 2019. There was a reduction in the percentage of fourth nerve palsy cases from the year 2019 to 2020.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a significant increase in diabetes-related neuro-ophthalmic complications during the COVID-19 lockdown. This can possibly be attributed to worsening of glycemic control in diabetic patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_558_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T05:38:02Z","timestamp":1661751482000},"page":"3398-3402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neuro-ophthalmological manifestations of diabetes mellitus during COVID-19-related lockdown in India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Akkayasamy","family":"Kowsalya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagnik","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maheshkumar","family":"Shanmugam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayasri K","family":"Narayanamoorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shreya","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balagiri","family":"Sundar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.23496.1","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in India:Epidemiological features and in silico analysis of the effect of interventions","volume":"9","author":"Mazumder","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"B3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e043590","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043590","article-title":"Impact on health and provision of healthcare services during the COVID-19 lockdown in India:A multicentre cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Raman","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01601-4","article-title":"The potential long-term impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on patients with non-communicable diseases in Europe:Consequences for healthy ageing","volume":"32","author":"Palmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"B5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-S067","volume":"36","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080020","article-title":"Epidemiology of diabetes and diabetes-related complications","volume":"88","author":"Deshpande","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"B7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.5361","article-title":"[Diabetic eye disease","volume":"28","author":"Henriques","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Med Port"},{"key":"B8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/00055735-199912000-00003","article-title":"Neuro-ophthalmology of diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Moster","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Opin Opthalmol"},{"key":"B9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1981.00510110035002","article-title":"Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"38","author":"Hayreh","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"B10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2017.06.010","article-title":"Oculomotor palsy in diabetics","volume":"41","author":"Lajmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"key":"B11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8227(90)90077-7","article-title":"Characteristics of cranial nerve palsies in diabetic patients","volume":"10","author":"Watanabe","year":"1990","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B13-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.11.012","article-title":"New onset diabetes, type 1 diabetes and COVID-19","volume":"14","author":"Boddu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"B14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6012","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1805_20","article-title":"Continuum of care for non-communicable diseases during COVID-19 pandemic in rural India:A mixed methods study","volume":"9","author":"Gummidi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"B15-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.06.034","article-title":"The adverse effect of COVID pandemic on the care of patients with kidney diseases in India","volume":"5","author":"Prasad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"B16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.928","article-title":"Impact of a COVID-19 national lockdown on integrated care for hypertension and HIV","volume":"16","author":"Schwartz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"key":"B17-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30388-0","article-title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer deaths due to delays in diagnosis in England, UK:A national, population-based, modelling study","volume":"21","author":"Maringe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B18-20240828","first-page":"e14831","article-title":"Effect of COVID-19-associated lockdown on patients with diabetic retinopathy","volume":"13","author":"Chatziralli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B19-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-04955-7","article-title":"Short-term outcomes of patients with neovascular exudative AMD:The effect of COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"258","author":"Borrelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B20-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_792_21","article-title":"Online survey on practice patterns in the treatment of corneal ulcer during COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"69","author":"Raj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B22-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3643","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1277_21","article-title":"Changing trend in the morphology of cataracts at a tertiary eye care centre in South India due to COVID-19-pandemic related national lockdown","volume":"69","author":"Bhalerao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_164_21","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 on follow-up and medication adherence in patients with glaucoma in a tertiary eye care centre in south India","volume":"69","author":"Subathra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B24-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1673_20","article-title":"To evaluate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic and national lockdown on patient care at a tertiary-care ophthalmology institute","volume":"68","author":"Babu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B25-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-021-00705-9","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on glycemic control in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus:A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Eberle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"B26-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.53","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and its complications in India","volume":"12","author":"Unnikrishnan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B27-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2013.833262","article-title":"A study of prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION)","volume":"30","author":"Reddy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B28-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.04.002","article-title":"Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy:A review and update","volume":"16","author":"Kerr","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"B29-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-021-00395-8","article-title":"Global impact of COVID-19 pandemic on road traffic collisions","volume":"16","author":"Yasin","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"B30-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.12.2439","article-title":"Fourth nerve palsy:Historical review and study of 215 inpatients","volume":"43","author":"Keane","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B31-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2021.102999","article-title":"Cranial nerve involvement in COVID-19","volume":"42","author":"Doblan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"B32-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-325519","article-title":"Negative impact of COVID-19 lockdown on papilloedema and idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"92","author":"Thaller","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"B33-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1896_20","article-title":"Effect of COVID 19 lockdown on glycemic parameters in people with type 2 diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Tewari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"B34-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.06.020","article-title":"Increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes during lockdown for the COVID19 pandemic in India:A cohort analysis","volume":"14","author":"Ghosal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_558_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:12:12Z","timestamp":1787757132000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_558_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_558_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-02-28","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-09","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}