{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:37:20Z","timestamp":1786649840557,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine if high myopia and glaucoma can be differentiated based on the measurement of superficial vascular density in the peripapillary and macular areas by using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective, observational, cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted on patients between 40 and 60 years of age diagnosed as primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or high myopia and compared with age-matched controls. The main outcome measures were the difference in SVD% in peripapillary and macular areas in POAG and high myopic eyes. Detailed ophthalmic examination and OCTA of the disc and peripapillary area and macula were performed. The SVD in each zone was calculated using ImageJ software and their difference were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 128 eyes of 70 patients were enrolled. Peripapillary SVD% in controls was 45.07 \u00b1 3.44, 40.36 \u00b1 8.27 in high myopia, and 31.80 \u00b1 9.008 in POAG. The mean difference in peripapillary SVD% of POAG to control was \u2212 13.479, of POAG to high myopia was \u22128.777 (both\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and of high myopia to controls was \u22124.701 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.012). Macular SVD% in controls was 27.30 \u00b1 3.438, 22.33 \u00b1 6.011 in high myopia, and 21.21 \u00b1 5.598 in POAG. The mean difference in macular SVD% of POAG to controls was \u22126.088, of high myopia to controls was \u22124.965 (both\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and of POAG to high myopia was \u22121.122 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.984; not statistically significant).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OCTA is a useful diagnostic tool in distinguishing glaucomatous and myopic eyes. The measurement of peripapillary SVD has a greater discriminatory ability than that of the macular area.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_597_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T08:53:31Z","timestamp":1670316811000},"page":"4138-4143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Diagnostic ability of superficial vascular density measured by optical coherence tomography angiography to differentiate high myopic eyes from eyes with primary open angle glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Liz Mary","family":"Santhosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Ophthalmology, Giridhar Eye Institute, Kochi, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Elias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Ophthalmology, Giridhar Eye Institute, Kochi, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manju","family":"Anup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, Giridhar Eye Institute, Kochi, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhilash","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, Giridhar Eye Institute, Kochi, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giridhar","family":"Anantharaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreo-retina, Giridhar Eye Institute, Kochi, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nimmi","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Giridhar Eye Institute, Kochi, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251006","first-page":"83","article-title":"Models of open-angle glaucoma prevalence and incidence in the United States","volume":"38","author":"Quigley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R2-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00590-5","article-title":"Prevalence and causes of visual impairment in the barbados eye study","volume":"108","author":"Hyman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R3-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(98)00437-1","article-title":"Laser Doppler flowmetry and optic nerve head blood flow","volume":"127","author":"Petrig","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.47","article-title":"Advances of optical coherence tomography in myopia and pathologic myopia","volume":"30","author":"Ng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R5-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-003-0836-0","article-title":"Reduction of retinal blood flow in high myopia","volume":"242","author":"Shimada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1-2","key":"R6-20251006","first-page":"211","article-title":"[Blood flow in eye arteries assessed by Doppler ultrasound in patients with myopia]","volume":"106","author":"Karczewicz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Klin Oczna"},{"key":"R7-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-010-1407-9","article-title":"Ocular blood flow measurements in healthy human myopic eyes","volume":"248","author":"Benavente-P\u00e9rez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-20251006","first-page":"205","article-title":"[Evaluation of the arterial blood flow parameters in the eye of myopic patients]","volume":"34","author":"Mrugacz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pol MerkurLekarski"},{"key":"R9-20251006","first-page":"222","article-title":"[Blood flow in vessels supplying the eye in persons with degenerative myopia. Part II. Blood flow in the central retinal artery]","volume":"115","author":"Bryl","year":"2013","journal-title":"KlinOczna"},{"key":"R10-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02391209","article-title":"Myopia and glaucoma","volume":"213","author":"Greve","year":"1980","journal-title":"Albrecht v Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthal"},{"key":"R11-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20141118-04","article-title":"OCT angiography in healthy human subjects","volume":"45","author":"Matsunaga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"R12-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.180532","article-title":"Reproducibility of perfusion parameters of optic disc and macula in rhesus monkeys by optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"129","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"R13-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.0668","article-title":"A promising future for optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"133","author":"Nagiel","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R14-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2395","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1500185112","article-title":"Quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography of vascular abnormalities in the living human eye","volume":"112","author":"Jia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"R15-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3095-y","article-title":"Correlation between optic disc perfusion and glaucomatous severity in patients with open-angle glaucoma:An optical coherence tomography angiography study","volume":"253","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R16-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.2225","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography of the peripapillary retina in glaucoma","volume":"133","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R17-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.0776","article-title":"Association of myopia with peripapillary perfused capillary density in patients with glaucoma:An optical coherence tomography angiography study","volume":"136","author":"Suwan","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R18-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3637","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21846","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography of the superficial microvasculature in the macular and peripapillary areas in glaucomatous and healthy eyes","volume":"58","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R19-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.08.030","article-title":"Regional comparisons of optical coherence tomography angiography vessel density in primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"171","author":"Rao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R20-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010791","article-title":"Is the peripapillary retinal perfusion related to myopia in healthy eyes?A prospective comparative study","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R21-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-018-1014-z","article-title":"Assessment of superficial retinal microvascular density in healthy myopia","volume":"39","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R22-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.199844","article-title":"Reduced macular vascular density in myopic eyes","volume":"130","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"R23-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.07.011","article-title":"Progressive macula vessel density loss in primary open-angle glaucoma:A longitudinal study","volume":"182","author":"Shoji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R24-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0187160","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187160","article-title":"Clinical features of superficial and deep peripapillary microvascular density in healthy myopic eyes","volume":"12","author":"Sung","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_597_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:59:02Z","timestamp":1786647542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_597_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_597_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-05","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-23","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}