{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T01:21:26Z","timestamp":1789435286488,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the static and dynamic pupil responses in differentiating eyes with high-refractive errors from emmetropic controls.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n The study was conducted using data obtained from 36 participants with high myopia, 26 participants with high hyperopia, and 38 age-gender-matched controls. The cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL), and pupil responses were examined. In static pupillometry, pupil diameters were recorded at scotopic, mesopic, and photopic light intensities. The mean pupil dilation speed was calculated according to changes in pupil size over time, as dynamic pupillometry.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The mean scotopic and mesopic pupil diameters were smaller in high hyperopic eyes compared with high myopic and control eyes (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). The photopic pupil diameter in the high hyperopic group was significantly lower than in the high myopic group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.003). There was no statistical difference between the high myopia and control groups regarding static pupillometry (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > 0.05). No significant difference was noted between the refractive groups regarding the speed of pupil dilation (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.241). While SER and AL were correlated with scotopic and mesopic pupil diameters (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05\n )<\/jats:italic>\n , no correlation was observed with photopic pupil diameter or the speed of pupil dilation (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > 0.05)\n .<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The difference in static pupil responses was prominent in high hyperopic eyes compared to high myopic and emmetropic eyes. Unlike static pupil responses, the speed of pupil dilation was not affected by high-refractive errors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_605_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T12:00:22Z","timestamp":1758801622000},"page":"1426-1431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["How does high-refractive error affect quantitative pupillometry values?"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Dilara \u00d6zkoyuncu","family":"Kocabas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, TOBB Economics and Technology University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuat","family":"Yavrum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000893","article-title":"The effects of age, refractive status, and luminance on pupil size","volume":"93","author":"Guillon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R2-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13492","article-title":"Influences of luminance and accommodation stimuli on pupil size and pupil center location","volume":"55","author":"Mathur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R3-20260420","first-page":"1132","article-title":"Factors affecting light-adapted pupil size in normal human subjects","volume":"35","author":"Winn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R4-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20040701-06","article-title":"Pupil size in refractive surgery candidates","volume":"20","author":"Netto","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R5-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3109\/02713680903447892","article-title":"Refractive error may influence mesopic pupil size","volume":"35","author":"Cakmak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"R6-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-017-0560-0","article-title":"Investigation of corneal biomechanics at moderate to high refractive errors","volume":"38","author":"\u0130nceo\u011flu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100933","article-title":"Optic nerve head anatomy in myopia and glaucoma, including parapapillary zones alpha, beta, gamma and delta: Histology and clinical features","volume":"83","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"R8-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.5.25","article-title":"Retinal changes from hyperopia to myopia: Not all diopters are created equal","volume":"65","author":"Yii","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R9-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000627","article-title":"Is pupil diameter \u0131nfluenced by refractive error?","volume":"92","author":"Orr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R10-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/01.APO.0000580144.22353.46","article-title":"Review on centration, astigmatic axis alignment, pupil size and optical zone in SMILE","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"R11-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-03045-6","article-title":"Quality of vision after myopic refractive surgeries: SMILE, FS-LASIK, and ICL","volume":"23","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R12-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.11.014","article-title":"Light distortion of soft multifocal contact lenses with different pupil size and shape","volume":"43","author":"Mons\u00e1lvez-Rom\u00edn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"R13-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5001027","article-title":"Reproducibility and normal values of static pupil diameters","volume":"28","author":"Schr\u00f6der","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R14-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672118803514","article-title":"Evaluation of static and dynamic pupil characteristics in hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia","volume":"29","author":"Yetkin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R15-20260420","first-page":"86","article-title":"Static and dynamic pupil characteristics in myopic anisometropic amblyopia","volume":"5","author":"Kiziltoprak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Beyoglu Eye J"},{"key":"R16-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12409","article-title":"Assessment of bilateral pupillary centroid characteristics at varying illuminations and post-photopic flash response using an automated pupillometer","volume":"99","author":"Prakash","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"R17-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318263c165","article-title":"Mesopic pupil size in a refractive surgery population (13,959 eyes)","volume":"89","author":"Linke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R18-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29859","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000029859","article-title":"Age-specific influences of refractive error and illuminance on pupil diameter","volume":"101","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"R19-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70385-X","article-title":"Long-term fluctuation of relative afferent pupillary defect in subjects with normal visual function","volume":"122","author":"Kawasaki","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R20-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43172","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043172","article-title":"Ocular axial length and its associations in Chinese: The Beijing Eye Study","volume":"7","author":"Yin","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R21-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5449","article-title":"Correlation between refractive error, corneal power, and thickness in a large population with a wide range of ametropia","volume":"52","author":"AlMahmoud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R22-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1159\/000252982","article-title":"Relation between axial length and ocular parameters","volume":"224","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"R24-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2016.10.001","article-title":"The relationship between baseline pupil size and intelligence","volume":"91","author":"Tsukahara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cogn Psychol"},{"key":"R25-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14101","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14101","article-title":"Impact of light on task-evoked pupil responses during cognitive tasks","volume":"33","author":"Campbell","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_605_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:25:58Z","timestamp":1786724758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_605_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_605_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-05","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-14","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}