{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:23:10Z","timestamp":1787772190156,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluates the recent trends in ocular morbidities and vision-related practices in \u201cout-of-school\u201d children in urban slums of Gurugram in North India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this observational study, a validated questionnaire was administered to 161 students from two nonformal slum schools. Sociocultural, demographic data, vision-related practices, and visual acuity with subjective refraction of the children were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 80 boys and 81 girls (9.17 \u00b1 2.58 years) participated in this study. About 40% of the children were from lower socioeconomic status. The visual acuity recorded for all the children, except three children, was 6\/6 in both eyes. One child had a pre-phthisical eye with no light perception, following a childhood trauma, with the other eye having 6\/6 vision. Two children had refractive errors (myopia and compound myopic astigmatism), with a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 6\/6. Thirteen children (8%) had Bitot\u2019s spots and 67 (35.4%) had allergic conjunctivitis. Eight (5%) children complained of dry eye\u2013related symptoms like redness and watering of eyes, while 19 (11.8%) had diffuse headache. Average number of years spent in school for these children was less than 1.7 years (range: 1 month\u20136 years). Only 10.5% of the children gave the history of watching television more than 30 h\/week. Significant association was found between the income of father and use of digital devices in children below 10 years (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003) and children playing outdoors (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001). There was a significant association noted for age and use of digital devices (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.037).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of refractive errors in \u201cout-of-school\u201d children of urban slum was much less than the national average. Almost one in three children suffered from eye allergies, while 8% children had Bitot\u2019s spots. The data about the prevalence of ocular comorbidities in underserved areas like urban slums can be used to update and strategize eye health-care delivery models for out-of-school children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_622_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T02:00:08Z","timestamp":1713232808000},"page":"S617-S622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ocular morbidity profiles of out-of-school children in a North Indian urban slum"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Shibal","family":"Bhartiya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Glaucoma Services, Fortis Hospital Gurugram, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meenakshi","family":"Wadhwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guru Nanak Eye Centre, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Marg, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parul","family":"Ichhpujani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Government Medical College, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uday Pratap Singh","family":"Parmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Government Medical College, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2076_18","article-title":"Prevalence and causes of childhood blindness in India: A systematic review","volume":"68","author":"Wadhwani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2408_20","article-title":"A population-based study on the prevalence and causes of childhood 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