{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T11:39:06Z","timestamp":1789904346856,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the clinical presentations, risk factors, and management outcomes in patients presenting with dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective, single-center study carried out on consecutive patients presenting with DON over a period of 4 years (2013\u20132016). The VISA classification was used at the first visit and subsequent follow-ups. The diagnosis was based on optic nerve function tests and imaging features. Demographic profiles, clinical features, risk factors, and management outcomes were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-seven eyes of 26 patients diagnosed with DON were included in the study. A significant male preponderance was noted (20, 76.92%). Twenty patients (76.9%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.011) had hyperthyroidism, and 15 (57.69%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02) were smokers. Decreased visual acuity was noted in 28 eyes (75.6%). Abnormal color vision and relative afferent pupillary defects were seen in 24 (64.86%) eyes, and visual field defects were seen in 30 (81.01%) eyes. The visual evoked potential (VEP) showed a reduced amplitude in 30 (96.77%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) of 31 eyes and delayed latency in 20 (64.51%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0289) eyes. Twenty-six (70.27%) patients were treated with intravenous methyl prednisolone (IVMP) alone, whereas 11 (29.72%) needed surgical decompression. The overall best-corrected visual acuity improved by 0.2 l logMARunits. There was no statistically significant difference in outcome between medically and surgically treated groups. Four patients developed recurrent DON, and all of them were diabetics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male gender, hyperthyroid state, and smoking are risk factors for developing DON. VEP, apical crowding, and optic nerve compression are sensitive indicators for diagnosing DON. Diabetics may have a more defiant course and are prone to develop recurrent DON.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_719_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T08:53:31Z","timestamp":1670316811000},"page":"4419-4426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Dysthyroid optic neuropathy: Demographics, risk factors, investigations, and management outcomes"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Nisar Sonam","family":"Poonam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Shahid","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Services, Aditya Birla Sankara Nethralaya, Kolkata, West Bengal, India (A Unit of Medical Research Foundation, Chennai)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashant","family":"Oberoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Services, Aditya Birla Sankara Nethralaya, Kolkata, West Bengal, India (A Unit of Medical Research Foundation, Chennai)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bipasha","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, 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